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<section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 15%;padding: 0px 5px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.91" data-w="100" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhOjjXqUxVic5bWBAmDw9xut973W7rGAzDLFmAEjomwwqPmVvJBdeSI7G3s4viclVLuXSMZCVmkrybw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 70%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(153, 166, 171);line-height: 1.4;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.4;box-sizing: border-box;">欢迎点击以上蓝色字体</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">关注</p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 15%;padding: 0px 0px 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.91" data-w="100" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhOjjXqUxVic5bWBAmDw9xut973W7rGAzDLFmAEjomwwqPmVvJBdeSI7G3s4viclVLuXSMZCVmkrybw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 50%;border-width: 3px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(254, 193, 192);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 5px 4px;clear: both;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">作者<span style="text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">西安建大城市规划设计研究院城市规划师</span><span style="text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">薛颖，重庆大学建筑城规学院山地城镇建设与新技术教育部重点实验室教授、博士生导师</span><span style="text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">杨培峰</span><span style="text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在《规划师》2019年第4期撰文，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">近年来，我国集中连片特困地区的贫困问题日渐尖锐且呈现出固化趋势，解决该类地区的贫困问题、促进其城镇</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">化健康和谐发展已成为实现全面小康的重中之重。文章通过对集中连片特困地区城镇化发展现状及问题的梳理总结，反思了</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">我国传统城镇化理论研究与发展模式的局限性，针对该类地区的城镇化特征，从益贫理论视角提出了以贫困人口为导向的城</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">镇化率测度模式、城镇化绩效评价方式、城镇化路径与空间模式以及公共物品供应模式的转型，并强调相关扶贫政策与城镇</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">建设配合，促进扶贫政策由短期输血式向长期造血式的转型。</span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="width: 50%;border-width: 3px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(42, 118, 162);float: right;margin-top: -6px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 12px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[关键词]集中连片特困地区；益贫理论；城镇化特征；发展转型</p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(56, 30, 5);letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[文章编号]1006-0022(2019)04-0076-08　</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[中图分类号]TU981　</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[文献标识码]B</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[引文格式]薛颖，杨培峰．益贫理论下的我国集中连片特困地区城镇化特征及发展转型[J]．规划师，2019(4)：76-83．</p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/rC3csj57Ym4kPNfgwBuvryPkAohrCo0lLFM7og5KvLGgUwc7KicznReJic5DNIfAClPlBjpaK0aAsLo2icrpHW8rw/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;border-radius: 1em;background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 0.3em 0.8em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">集中连片特困地区的城镇化特征</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）城镇化进程中的贫困演化</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">我国脱贫工作成效卓著，从1978年<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">至2014年，农村贫困人口减少7亿，贫</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">困发生率下降了 90.3%。但由于人口基</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">数过大，贫困人口数量依然庞大。根据</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">我国农村贫困监测报告，2010 ～ 2014</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">年，西部地区贫困人口占全国贫困人口</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">比重由 50.9% 上升至 51.3%，少数民族</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">八省区的贫困人口占全国贫困人口比重</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">由 30.42% 增加至 31.42%，贫困人口比</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">例均不降反增。可见，脱贫工作已经进</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">入了深水区。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">随着临时性贫困问题的解决，近年<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">来我国的贫困问题固化趋势加剧，贫困</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">人口在阶层中向上流动机会在减少，贫</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">困代际传递现象普遍存在。随着扶贫开</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">发工作的进一步推进，贫困人口也在逐</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">渐远离城镇中心或道路沿线等经济条件</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">较好的地区，呈向山地丘陵区、生态脆</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">弱区、高寒区、革命老区和边境地区等</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">区域集聚的态势，在空间上形成具有封</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">闭性农村贫困化的“孤岛效应”，与外</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">界在人口、信息、技术和产业经济等方</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">面的隔离难以消除，发展条件十分有限，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">贫困程度不断加深，且呈现持久性、固</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">化的趋势。这与我国近30年快速发展的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城镇化形成强烈反差。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二）集中连片特困地区的整体特征</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 3px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(210, 210, 210);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(210, 210, 210);margin: -3px 0px;padding: 3px 6px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1.地区生态环境脆弱，整体城镇化</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">水平低下</p></section><section style="height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 3px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">集中连片特困地区是我国贫困地区<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的集中缩影，如2014年集中连片特困地</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">区的城镇化水平仅为29.27%，城镇化发</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">展与扶贫开发任务异常艰巨。同时，该</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">类地区大多位于地形复杂、生态环境敏</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">感脆弱的山区(图1)，具有城镇规模小，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">缺乏要素集聚能力与内生发展动力，城</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">镇化进程缓慢且水平低下，中心城市发</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">展缓慢且带动力弱，各贫困片区差异明</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">显等特征。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.7520525" data-w="609" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0miaVWgUr2hCClT7yAggFypNwgrVRaibwOYntdtj1bcPoB0Tz9wCU1N8VjV5lKOonso3AialbruwTqE2g/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 3px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(210, 210, 210);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(210, 210, 210);margin: -3px 0px;padding: 3px 6px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2.人口流动以劳务输出为主，“半</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城镇化”现象明显</p></section><section style="height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 3px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">集中连片特困地区的整体经济发展<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">缓慢，本地劳动力不断外流。以秦巴集</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">中连片特困地区为例，2010～2013年，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">其人口输出数量总体呈下降趋势，但截</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">至 2013 年底，该地区 75 个贫困县中仍</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">有544.3万人流出，占地区户籍总人口的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">15.5%，地区常住人口和户籍人口整体上</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">亦呈不断下降的态势(表1)。与此同时，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2002 ～ 2010 年，贫困地区外出打工劳</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">动力比重逐年上涨，且劳动力外流方向</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">以向省外流动为主 ( 图 2)。尽管随着扶</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">贫攻坚工作的开展，贫困地区人口流失</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">增速有所下降，但从近年流动人口及外</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">出农民工数量看，贫困地区外出就业人</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">口仍呈上升趋势(图3，图4)。大量的人</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">口输出致使集中连片特困地区缺乏人才</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">与发展建设内在动力，难以实现就地城</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">镇化。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.1122112" data-w="606" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0miaVWgUr2hCClT7yAggFypNwWicXIUyYSHthQ2CPYcCI6QQAL2kL2xQIg5HQk55liaQHFZUdRJpF1Hibw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.8986301" data-w="365" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0miaVWgUr2hCClT7yAggFypNwGM3NqOdCKeYZD99C8KUooSsNF2QaialkqW1icEDJ6DSXXiav8kmfiaYXJw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.410299" data-w="602" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0miaVWgUr2hCClT7yAggFypNwDqiaic5bJmY0A5NTdYKlM2Dt5kib8DicCzZrSf04hdkeEMeYD65mLLK8Rg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.7840532" data-w="301" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0miaVWgUr2hCClT7yAggFypNwRoqKC52pHYyhTR5P2baAOKl2xnDabdXRrd6YV9WyfVQrftSss8L1bg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.8137931" data-w="290" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0miaVWgUr2hCClT7yAggFypNwpxV0yCgHkscYSC5EZr9QKCZMtrTnztXSPcl8iauhX96vujYlBPPbHfQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在沿海发达地区的高度“压缩式”<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">快速城镇化进程中，集中连片特困地区</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的“半城镇化”现象尤为突出。大量的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">半城镇化人口长期在发达地区打工，却</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">难以融入城市，春节等期间该类地区返</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">乡人群呈爆炸式增长，形成庞大的“候</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">鸟式迁徙”群体。这种模式不仅影响城</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">镇化的真实绩效，背后还隐藏着大量社</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">会问题。例如，随着大量青壮年劳动力</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的外流，农村“空心化”现象严重，留</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">守的弱势群体数量加剧，“六一三八七</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">零部队”现象尤为突出。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 3px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(210, 210, 210);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(210, 210, 210);margin: -3px 0px;padding: 3px 6px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">3.产业经济发展滞后，缺乏内生</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">发展动力</p></section><section style="height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 3px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">缺乏与地区特色相结合的粗放式经<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">济发展模式使得我国集中连片特困地区</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的经济发展十分滞后，这些地区内的地</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">级市 GDP 与全国地级市区的平均 GDP</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">之间的差距非常大 ( 图 5)。与此同时，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">集中连片特困地区的第二、第三产业发</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">展非常落后 ( 图 6)，受地域条件及行政</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">区划的限制，其经济活动多为小规模、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">孤立零散的形式，缺乏合理的产业发展</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">策略，难以形成大规模的优势产业。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.5406302" data-w="603" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0miaVWgUr2hCClT7yAggFypNwpXEwdBWMibSI4fo1P1GylEibDJndcs6U2GcSiasRBRMJWOROqP9HYGCIg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.5457571" data-w="601" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0miaVWgUr2hCClT7yAggFypNwPpic6BuogJYUgDGxVOem4cBxQLslMaTBIZWg6qCRmpckYHQSS2MrTaQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 3px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(210, 210, 210);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(210, 210, 210);margin: -3px 0px;padding: 3px 6px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">4.城镇分布不均衡，空间格局趋向</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">离散型</p></section><section style="height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 3px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">连片特困地区处于我国“两横三纵”<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的城镇化战略空间布局外围区域，不仅</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">远离未来国家重点发展的城市群，还分</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">布在各省际交界地区，远离省域增长极，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城镇规模小、分布密度低。受制于特殊</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的山地建设条件与自然生态条件，我国</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">集中连片特困地区的城镇化空间格局趋</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">向离散型，多呈散点式分布，各城镇之</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">间联系较弱，难以形成能够带动整个片</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">区发展的中心城市及完整的城镇体系。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">以秦巴山区为例，其城镇布局与人口密</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">度呈由南向北、由东至西逐渐消减的非</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">均衡分布特点 ( 表 2)，而在县域空间层</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">面则形成了以中心城区及邻近乡镇为核</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">心的高度集聚的非均衡城镇空间。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.4397993" data-w="598" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0miaVWgUr2hCClT7yAggFypNwASIkJOMflSQJMaSMiaJ4EJPEjJz08Ar97roBu21T9XVMtdicZa21Q3Dw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 3px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(210, 210, 210);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(210, 210, 210);margin: -3px 0px;padding: 3px 6px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">5.公共服务设施落后，人们生活</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">质量难以保障</p></section><section style="height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 3px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">集中连片特困地区大多位于山区，<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">除经济条件约束外，人口密度低、公共</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">服务设施配套成本高，尤其是村级公共</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">服务设施十分匮乏。根据相关数据，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2014年我国贫困地区主干道路的硬化率</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">为 64.7%，通客运班车的自然村比重为</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">42.7%，通宽带的自然村比重为48.0%，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">有幼儿园、小学的自然村比重分别为</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">54.7%、61.4%；在医疗卫生设施方面，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">行政村有卫生站的比重为 94.1%，生病</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">后能及时就医的比重为 94.4%，而由于</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">该类地区居民点分布零散、交通不便，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在未能及时就医的原因中医院距离太远</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的原因占75.4%。尽管近年来全国医疗</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">设施的普及卓有成效，但仍有许多村落</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">缺乏基础医疗设施，综合医疗设施的分</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">布模式也亟待优化。同时，由于贫困地</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">区的人口流失问题日渐严重，其公共服</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">务设施的使用效率也在逐步下降，使得</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">投资成本更为高昂。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/rC3csj57Ym4kPNfgwBuvryPkAohrCo0lLFM7og5KvLGgUwc7KicznReJic5DNIfAClPlBjpaK0aAsLo2icrpHW8rw/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;padding: 3px 0px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-right-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);border-left-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 0px 4px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">二</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 益贫式增长视角下的城镇化理论</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）城镇化理论研究的缘起及路径依赖阐述</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">研究是对事物发展规律和机制的分<span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">析、研判、预测，事物发展轨迹会因为</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">其基础、环境和理念等沿袭路径依赖，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">因此研究同样有路径依赖，研究的缘起</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">和学术领域会引导理论的走向。城镇化</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">理论研究源于人类经济行为研究，其研</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">究的路径依赖无疑是驱动区域经济发展</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">的动力。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城镇化理论研究缘起空间经济学，<span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">如克里斯泰勒的中心地理论、刘易斯的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">二元经济结构论、托达罗的人口流动模</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">型以及钱纳里·萨尔昆的就业结构转换理</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">论等，均是基于宏观层面城市经济增长</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">与运行效率的最大化，认为空间的集聚</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">效应能够促进经济要素的集聚，从而促</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">进城市整体的发展。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城镇化理论发展至今，诸多专业领<span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">域根据自身发展的需求，从不同角度对</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">城镇化理论进行了扩充延伸，特别是在</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">社会、人文和自然领域，产生了城乡一</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">体化理论、统筹城乡理论、内涵式发展</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">理论和“流空间”理论等，城镇化理论</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">研究呈现综合化、复杂化的趋向。但总</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">体来看，理论研究的路径依赖效应仍十</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">分明显，增量经济仍旧是城镇化研究的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">核心。但经典的“涓滴效应”理论(强调</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">实施“先增长后再分配”的发展战略，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">是“效率”导向的理论典范，衍生了“核</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">心—边缘”理论、增长极理论等)表明，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">世界各国城镇化实践并未在公平方面取</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">得理想的效果，一些国家的经济增长甚</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">至伴随着对穷人利益的削弱，即“贫困</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">化增长”。这也引起了众多学者对经济</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">增长与减贫之间关系的重新思考。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二）益贫式增长</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">贫困不仅是物质的匮乏，还包括低<span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">水平的教育与健康、风险和面临风险的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">脆弱性以及不能表达自身的需求和缺乏</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">影响力，处于一种福利被剥夺的状态。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">贫困既有制度供给的缺陷性，又有贫困</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">地区内在的特殊性和历史必然性。制度</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">和资源一样具有稀缺性，当有效制度供</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">给不足时，经济发展和社会进步就要受</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">到制约。城镇化政策作为制度工具之一，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">对通过空间建设手段调节人口和公共资</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">源的分布具有重要作用。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">随着世界性贫富差距问题的不断恶<span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">化，在20世纪末世界银行组织提出了“益</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">贫式增长”理论(Pro-poor Growth)。它</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">以“经济增长—收入分配—贫困三角关系”</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">理论为基础，以减贫政策研究为落脚点，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">主要探讨经济增长和收入分配的减贫机</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">制，以及如何建立使贫困人口参与到经</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">济增长中并获得好处的政策机制。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">益贫式增长可分为相对益贫式增长<span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">与绝对益贫式增长，相对益贫式增长指</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">穷人平均收入增长比非穷人快，穷人从</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">经济增长中获得的收益比非穷人更多；</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">绝对益贫式增长指穷人获得增长的绝对</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">利益要等于或多于非穷人获得增长的绝</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">对利益。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">总的来说，益贫式增长更加关注社<span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">会公平与减贫问题，能够有效避免国家</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">经济增长飞速而社会发展缓慢的尴尬局</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">面，利于经济社会的可持续发展，被认</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">为是有效减贫脱困的最佳经济增长模式，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">这与我国集中连片特困地区的社会经济</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">发展需求不谋而合。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（三）益贫理论指导下城镇化理论研究视角转型</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">“城镇化是一种世界性的社会经济<span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">现象，是伴随着工业化进程，居住在乡</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">村的人口向城市和城镇转移的过程”。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">而这种转移，并非只是表面居住地的转</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">移，更是内在农民生活方式、生活质量、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">思想文化和文明水准的提升，其本质便</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">是“以人为本”的城镇化。城镇化发展</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">的实质是效率与公平的博弈过程，所以</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">城镇化不仅包括农村人口向城镇转移的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">过程，还包括乡村人口享受城镇化成果</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">的过程。在关注宏观经济层面问题的同</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">时，更要关注微观层面人的城镇化，保</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">障人们的基本生存权和发展权。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">针对传统城镇化研究，益贫理论的<span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">最大启示是研究视角的转型，即从对传</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">统经济要素的关注转向对弱势人群的关</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">注。益贫理论下城镇化认为单纯地强调</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">增长不是发展的全部，经济增长的分配</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">效应和贫困人口的参与程度同样重要；</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">在物质空间层面，贫困人口对经济发展</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">的参与度、政府公共物品的供给与贫困</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">人口的相关程度等均是其关注的重点。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/rC3csj57Ym4kPNfgwBuvryPkAohrCo0lLFM7og5KvLGgUwc7KicznReJic5DNIfAClPlBjpaK0aAsLo2icrpHW8rw/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;padding: 3px 0px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-right-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);border-left-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 0px 4px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">三</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">益贫理论下我国集中连片特困</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">地区城镇化发展转型</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）城镇化水平测度模式的转型：从城镇数量导向转向农村贫困人口导向</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城镇化作为一种复杂的经济社会现<span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">象，其科学度量标准多元，涉及众多数</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">理模型。在传统城镇化研究中，普遍存</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">在过于关注城镇化率的问题，通常城镇</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">人口占总人口的比重几乎代表了城镇化水</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">平，同时也包括了经济总量、各类产业发</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">展状况、基础设施及公共服务设施建设水</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">平等信息，均是以经济数量增长为最终指</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">向。由理论衍生出来的相关政策造成人口</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">规模扩张下的土地城镇化，而土地城镇化</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">则是地方政府的最直接利益根源。这一导</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">向的后果是一些地区盲目地追求城镇化率</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">的提高，一味地扩张城市、城镇的用地</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">规模，过度引导农民进城，而忽视了弱</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">势群体的基本发展权。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">集中连片特困地区积贫积弱已久，<span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">难以与全国同步实现工业化和城镇化的协</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">同，因此外部干预和内生动力培育缺一不</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">可，甚至外力扶植在这类地区发挥着举足</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">轻重的地位。因此，城镇化水平的测度不</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">应一味追求农转非的数量，而应更加关注</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">贫困人口的发展质量，关注贫困人口共享</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">经济增长所带来的城镇化的溢出效应，重</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">视贫困人口的生存与发展需求。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">因此，对于集中连片特困地区城镇<span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">化水平的衡量，不应仅放在以非农人口</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">数量为主的衡量模式上，而应更加关注</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">贫困人口是否能更好、更公平、更优先</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">地享受到城镇化红利的问题，更加关注</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">贫困个体、家庭与群体的诉求。“以贫</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">困人群为指向”的城镇化绩效评价是自</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">上而下引导政府行为的有效手段。建立</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">益贫理论指导下的城镇化绩效定量评价</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">方式，在关注地区经济发展的同时，更</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">关注贫困人口的生活质量的改善、地区</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">公共物品的供给与使用、贫困个体的经</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">济收入及就业状况等；应从贫困与公共</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">服务设施关联性角度，分析公共服务设</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">施的数量、规模、布局等变化和贫困人</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">口变动的关系，在重视空间公平的基础</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">上提升资源配置效率。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二）益贫指向的城镇化路径转型：从“非均衡”式城镇化转向“益贫式”城镇化</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">传统的城镇化路径更多的被认为是<span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">如何促进经济增长，不论是“大城市论”、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">“小城镇论”或是“中等城市论”，均</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">强调城市建设与经济发展的重要性，对</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">“效率”的追求远大于“公平”。在城</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">乡二元制结构下，我国传统的粗放型城</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">镇化发展路径容易使城乡发展的不平衡、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">不协调问题更为严重。同时，传统的城</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">镇化路径忽视了集中连片特困地区的特</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">殊性，而其自身发展条件的限制导致其</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">无法按照传统的发展路径来实现城镇化，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">导致区域间城乡差异越来越大，贫困问</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">题日渐尖锐及“孤岛化”。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">益贫理论指向的城镇化应更加关注<span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">贫困地区城镇化的适应性和指向性问题。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">适应性强调发展路径应体现当地政策、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">经济、社会、生态和空间等要素特征，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">城镇化路径必须符合当地环境、生态条</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">件；指向性强调发展路径与贫困人口的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">受益性，产业的选择、基础设施和社会</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">服务设施的供给应以贫困人口受益数量</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">和质量为前提。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">益贫指向下的连片特困地区城镇化<span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">实施必须突出“国家干预、民生为本、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">因地制宜”的原则：①“国家干预”针</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">对广大集中连片特困地区，仅靠其自身</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">力量难以实现城镇化的健康、可持续发</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">展，必须从全国一盘棋的角度，从宏观</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">政策方面给予贫困地区发展上的引导与</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">帮助，从国家层面加强对山区经济的扶</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">持力度。例如，第二次世界大战之后许</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">多发达国家都相继实施了“山区振兴计</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">划”，如法国推出“冰雪规划”，利用</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">山地资源发展冰雪产业以振兴阿尔卑斯</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">山区经济，对我国贫困山区的发展具有</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">借鉴意义。②“民生为本”强调城镇化</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">应以贫困人口的生活改善为根本目的，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">从贫困人口的生存发展需求出发，切实</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">提高贫困人口的生活质量，并结合国家</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">“精准扶贫”政策，为贫困人口提供精</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">准帮扶，有效解决由于贫困所带来的一</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">系列社会问题；同时，政府需构建完善</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">的社会保障体系及地区人才发展战略机</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">制，为地区的可持续发展提供内生动力。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">③“因地制宜”原则是应识别集中连片</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">特困地区的不同发展阶段，制定适合的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">经济发展战略，在产业发展方面有所为</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">有所不为，将发展重点放到适合当地特</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">点的绿色、特色经济上来。同时，针对</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">同一山区、不同行政区的经济发展往往</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">具有高度的产业同构性特征，因此应积</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">极引导其突破“行政区经济”，围绕山</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">区特色，形成跨区域发展机制，共建山</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">地生态品牌。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（三）城镇化空间模式的转型：由传统效率优先的空间模式转向适应性的均衡空间模式</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">传统的城镇化空间研究可以追溯到<span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">克里斯泰勒“六边形”模型。这一模型</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">在平原地区能较好地整合行政、交通、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">公共服务和集聚点规模等要素，体现了</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">效率最大化的原则。集中连片特困地区</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">各县(市)的地形多为典型的山地地形，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">高山、河谷等割裂了部分城镇之间的联</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">系，基础设施建设成本高昂，其中交通</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">不便是制约贫困人口出行、社会经济发展</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">的最大障碍。传统网络构建模式在山地城</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">镇体系格局中的建设成本极高，并且这一</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">模式会促使贫困人口在高程相对较高的山</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">区纵深地带聚居，不利于生态保育。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">据此，集中连片特困地区城镇化空<span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">间模式应先突出空间建设在引导贫困人</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">口脱贫过程中的决定性作用，强调贫困</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">人口就业和聚居空间之间的关系；在条</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">件许可的情况下，城镇能吸纳劳动力进</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">城，但在条件不许可的情况下，农业的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">产出和聚居点的关系极为密切，一切贸</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">然实行拆村并点等建设行为均有可能加</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">剧贫困人口的“再贫困”和“返贫”。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">总体来看，益贫式的城镇化空间应是因</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">地制宜、适应性的均衡空间模式。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">益贫理论下的集中连片特困地区的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">城镇化空间模式，首先要与益贫人口的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">业态相结合，坚持“产—城”融合的发展</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">途径。由于贫困人口多分布在乡村地区，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">呈现小、散、多样性聚居特征，因此应</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">积极引导采用适应地方业态的发展模式，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">如种植、旅游等。业态发展应以受益贫</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">困人口为主要衡量指标，结合国家生态</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">移民、对口援建等政策，因地制宜地改</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">善聚居环境。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">其次，针对该类地区特殊的自然生<span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">态环境，其城镇化空间发展模式应该符</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">合生态系统的特征，采用适应的聚居空</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">间模式，以适应性的规模形态在空间上</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">形成“大分散、小集中”的整体布局，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">弱化纵深山区的不利条件，加强各类发</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">展要素的空间聚集与联系，消除贫困“孤</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">岛化”现象，实现城镇空间的均衡化发展。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">最后，应重点关注该类地区的移民<span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">迁建问题，包括生态移民、水利工程移</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">民等迁建过程中的社会稳定、经济持续</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">发展等问题。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（四）公共物品供给模式转型：从均衡布局转向贫困人群优先扶持</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">《世界发展报告 (2014)》指出，发<span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">展中国家的贫困问题是公共服务的非公</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">平问题。公共物品(Public Goods，主要</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">指政府投入的基础设施和社会服务设施)</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">的提供往往跟政府财力相关，在城市发</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">展初期，优先资源往往布局在效率最高</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">的地方；当经济发展到一定程度，公共</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">资源投入相对有保障，均等化、公共文</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">化服务圈等以均衡布局为导向的公共物</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">品提供模式被推行。而农村公共投资和</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">公共服务是推动新阶段我国农村益贫式</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">增长的重要政策工具。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">作为经济水平极为滞后的集中连片<span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">特困地区，城镇贫困和乡村贫困并存，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">村、乡乃至镇一级的公共服务设施缺乏</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">的问题特别突出。集中连片特困地区公</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">共服务设施投入有限，应更加珍惜资源</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">的利用。首先，针对贫困人群分布情况，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">从民生、切身利益出发，配置教育、医疗、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">商业网点等服务设施，引导贫困人口的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">空间合理布局；其次，结合相应的扶贫、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">移民政策，在投入有限的前提下，采取</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">见效快的公共服务设施建设方式，探寻</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">公平导向下公共服务设施的适应性供给</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">模式；最后，农村扶贫基金往往政出多头，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">教育、卫生、道路、教育、水利和生态</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">设施等扶贫资金各行其道，因此应建立</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">完善的统筹机制，安排好各种扶贫资金</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">的利用。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">公共服务设施投入应考虑到贫困人<span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">群的使用结构，其中应尤为重视以家庭</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">为单位的使用结构和公共设施的关系。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">以人为本的城乡空间要重视个人和家庭</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">的空间行为、空间联系、空间格局和空</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">间需求，益贫式的城镇公共物品供给也</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">应基于对贫困人口的时空变迁特征分析，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">从家庭的完整性、聚合性及其日常生活</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">质量视角出发，对就业、居住、公共服</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">务进行耦合式规划安排，在公共投入受</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">限的前提下对城市公共服务设施进行合</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">理的规划布局，以降低建设成本，提高</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">人们的就业机会，提升其教育、医疗等</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">公共服务水平，如以村为单位建设的“一</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">校一室一站”等，构建全面覆盖的公共</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">设施服务网点。同时，增强该类地区社</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">会流动性，提升公共服务设施的适应性</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">与使用效率，促进城乡公共服务设施的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">均等化。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">益贫式发展路径需要抓住时代机<span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">遇，利用好后发优势。例如，全球信息</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">化等为偏远山区带来了重要的发展契机，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">由于集中连片特困地区多为传统农业市</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">( 县 )，不可能一下子走高科技的路线，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">应遵循效率原则，积极扶持山区信息化</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">建设，发展网络经济，促进山区经济发展，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">以弥补该类地区交通不便、信息不畅等</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">缺陷。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（五）城镇化政策供给的转型：由“效率优先”转向“公平正义”的政策供给</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">从广义上讲，几乎所有的规划政策<span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">都是区位导向的，而区位导向型政策是</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">国家通过财政优惠与补贴等方式来推动</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">地区发展，提升社会福利的重要手段，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">其本身具有效率优先的特征。扶贫政策</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">作为区位导向型政策的一种，普遍存在</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">见效快却难以持久的弊病，其主要原因</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">在于过于注重效率优先，且缺乏诸如空</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">间建设手段的契合，这些输血式扶贫政</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">策只能缓解一时，却无法从根本上解决</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">问题。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">是否深刻地了解并满足贫困人群的<span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">具体社会需求有十分重要的意义。城镇</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">化政策往往倾向宏观、均质，而不少扶</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">贫政策过于注重短期的扶贫成效，忽视</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">了人居环境建设，缺乏对空间效应的引</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">导，无法发挥扶贫效应的持久性、可持</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">续性和适应性。尽管各类政策扶持力度</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">在不断加大，却不能彻底改变集中连片</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">特困地区的贫困现状，贫困问题仍日益</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">尖锐、突出。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">益贫理论指导下的城镇化政策应更<span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">注重公平性与适宜性问题，注重城镇建</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">设的配合，它是将短时间输血式扶贫向</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">长期式造血式扶贫转移的空间载体和重</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">要组成部分。益贫式城镇化是彻底解决</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">贫困问题的重要抓手，而城乡建设的空</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">间设施布局则是支撑其长效发展的有力</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">手段。面对地区贫困差异性问题，在城</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">镇化建设中，应结合该类地区的特殊情</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">况，制定相关政策，提高地区适应性与</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">弹性，积极探索“收放有度”的城镇建</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">设模式。同时，城镇建设在遵循效率优</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">先的基础上，将资源投入到更具优势与</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">规模经济的地方；注重公平正义，遵循</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">贫困人口的流动与分布原则，向没有享</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">受到优惠政策的地方进行适度转移，从</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">整体上改善集中连片特困地区的贫困问</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">题。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/rC3csj57Ym4kPNfgwBuvryPkAohrCo0lLFM7og5KvLGgUwc7KicznReJic5DNIfAClPlBjpaK0aAsLo2icrpHW8rw/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-bottom: -10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 6px;margin-left: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px;margin: auto;height: 16px;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 20%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 6px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px;margin: auto;height: 16px;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="transform: rotate(0deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(0deg);-moz-transform: rotate(0deg);-o-transform: rotate(0deg);margin-bottom: -5px;width: 5px;height: 5px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="border-left: 5px solid rgb(255, 222, 3);border-bottom: 5px solid rgb(255, 222, 3);border-top-color: rgb(255, 222, 3);border-right-color: rgb(255, 222, 3);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(214, 240, 252);padding: 10px 10px 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">四</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">结语</strong></p></section></section><section style="margin-left: auto;margin-top: -5px;width: 5px;height: 5px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(226, 226, 226);padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(226, 226, 226) 0px 16px 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">我国集中连片特困地区是扶贫攻坚<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的主战场，随着该类地区的贫困问题逐</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">渐尖锐且呈现出固化趋势，解决集中连</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">片特困地区的贫困问题已成为当下的重</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">要议题。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">特殊的地区需要有针对性的理论支<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">撑。益贫理论下的集中连片特困地区的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城镇化发展研究强调以贫困人口为导向</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的城镇化率测度模式、城镇化绩效评价</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">方式、城镇化路径与空间模式以及公共</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">物品供应模式的转型，并重视相关扶贫</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">政策与城镇建设的配合，强调扶贫政策</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">由短期输血式向长期造血式的转型。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">可以看出，基于益贫理论的城镇化<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">发展理念强调从弱势群体的社会视角、欠</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">发达的经济学视角出发，分析贫困人口的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">生存发展状况、城镇化的绩效评价体系、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">适应性的城镇化动力和路径、多样性的城</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">镇化空间布局及公共利益的益贫式空间供</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">给等，由传统的城镇化转向适于集中连片</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">特困地区的益贫式城镇化模式。</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/rC3csj57Ym4kPNfgwBuvryPkAohrCo0lLFM7og5KvLGgUwc7KicznReJic5DNIfAClPlBjpaK0aAsLo2icrpHW8rw/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 95%;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 2px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(181, 180, 180);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: -5px 0% 5px;transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(252, 221, 93);padding: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(100, 100, 100);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">来源：2019年04期《规划师》杂志</strong><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0px 0% 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(181, 180, 180);height: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(100, 100, 100);line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">新媒体编辑：肖莉</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;color: rgb(100, 100, 100);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">审核：刘芳</p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 5px;background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-color: white;padding: 10px;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">文章全文详见《规划师》2019年04期</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">《</strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">益贫理论下的我国集中连片特困地区</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城镇化特征与发展转型<strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.45;box-sizing: border-box;">》</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/rC3csj57Ym4kPNfgwBuvryPkAohrCo0lLFM7og5KvLGgUwc7KicznReJic5DNIfAClPlBjpaK0aAsLo2icrpHW8rw/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 8px 0% 0px;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(197, 36, 36);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 14px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">《规划师》近期文章推荐（点击蓝字可查看原文）</p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(117, 114, 114);letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 2px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(117, 114, 114);font-size: 14px;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);word-wrap: break-word !important;">【规划师论坛1】社区共治视角下公共空间更新的现实困境与路径<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(117, 114, 114);font-size: 14px;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);word-wrap: break-word !important;">【规划师论坛2】山地城市社区生活圈特征识别与规划策略<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(117, 114, 114);font-size: 14px;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);word-wrap: break-word !important;">【规划师论坛3】新加坡社区服务设施体系规划的演进历程、 特征及启示</p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(117, 114, 114);font-size: 14px;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);word-wrap: break-word !important;">【规划师论坛4】沈阳市“社区共治”体系构建探索与成效</p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(117, 114, 114);font-size: 14px;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);word-wrap: break-word !important;">【规划师论坛5】基于供需匹配的武汉市 15 分钟生活圈 划定与空间优化<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(117, 114, 114);font-size: 14px;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);word-wrap: break-word !important;">【规划师论坛6】哈尔滨 15 分钟社区生活圈划定及 步行网络优化策略</p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(117, 114, 114);font-size: 14px;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);word-wrap: break-word !important;">【规划师论坛7】北京市肢残人对一刻钟社区服务圈的 无障碍需求与满意度研究</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 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rgb(21, 103, 167);border-right: 6px solid rgb(21, 103, 167);border-bottom-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);border-left-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;color: transparent;clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);border-radius: 6px;word-wrap: break-word;box-sizing: border-box;margin: -13px 3px;padding: 12px;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;font-size: 13px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 80%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.605042" data-w="357" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhOjjXqUxVic5bWBAmDw9xutLKmMyQEOrHLdnbFuwEeucdia7QYwaiayutiaUskB9Rner70oIdQia4tXqg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(255, 129, 36);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">识别图中二维码进入微店购买《规划师》杂志</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.303125" data-w="640" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mhOjjXqUxVic5bWBAmDw9xutoicjFY4NaGeEG96sMOkeOFlG0YASG2kuQQseg0lia4HIIGGRTxyXmYUA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1" data-w="300" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mjQdSUwBvuJux3RSbtBPKay0RNvOsMprOMtUDyQCfJDIhB0lfw5So3HkqZrm5SxUsBoMKcjcRSqRw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 8px 0% 0px;transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(197, 36, 36);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 14px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">《规划师》杂志社                                    </p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(117, 114, 114);letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 2px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地址：广西南宁市青秀区月湾路1号南国弈园6楼</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">邮编：530029</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">邮箱：planner@21cn.net</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">网址：www.planners.com.cn</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">电话：0771-2438012</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">传真：0771-2436269</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 80%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.8518519" data-w="837" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mhOjjXqUxVic5bWBAmDw9xutXaemGEPCIXtlrcCof4iaPHPKvbqxLWwCsVNSUiaYe22ZcSHp4aN5a4ibw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="height: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 100%;width: 24px;float: left;border-bottom: 6px solid rgb(21, 103, 167);border-left: 6px solid rgb(21, 103, 167);border-top-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);border-right-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="height: 100%;width: 24px;float: right;border-bottom: 6px solid rgb(21, 103, 167);border-right: 6px solid rgb(21, 103, 167);border-top-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);border-left-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section>
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