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<section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 20%;vertical-align: top;border-top: 2px none rgb(255, 202, 0);border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-bottom: 3px solid rgb(125, 146, 160);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;transform: translate3d(50px, 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border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市规划与发展战略</strong></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市综合交通</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(182, 182, 182);box-sizing: border-box;">公共交通与非机动化出行</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(182, 182, 182);box-sizing: border-box;">活力街区、街道与城市设计</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">量化城市与大数据</p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="transform: translate3d(-7px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-7px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-7px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-7px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(125, 146, 160);line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">「</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">」</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 12px;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(125, 146, 160);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2019年<span style="color: rgb(125, 146, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"> | 3</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">月22日期</span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 40%;box-sizing: 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auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;border-radius: 1.5em;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tiaib6UPO6cGs81mNicYM9SMGT3NN8F0sp4p21CPCzcgryQ8S3ly0Teiakuo2qjcibwUyDlqyPdkYcP7cSA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" class="" data-ratio="1" data-w="170"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 33.33%;letter-spacing: 0px;padding: 0px 3px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;border-radius: 1.5em;display: 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src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tiaib6UPO6cGs81mNicYM9SMGT39H087YHnB6ze50kqycNFqvgGfQhlkbCDesMx3sY7j0yVWvUO6gBxXA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" class="" data-ratio="0.9962406015037594" data-w="266"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 33.33%;padding: 0px 3px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;border-radius: 1.5em;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tiaib6UPO6cGs81mNicYM9SMGT3uJvAlicVW55f9uFm6S1x4e5snfLECCo9rd9wNOqQt0Udky3r0VqAsQQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" class="" data-ratio="1" data-w="170"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 20px;transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 12%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9TiaicIokKPsB5JJT6zic57eoO4rl086mGfib0ngT3bGtU3OZbF7yWricp9pRl8icGiae5GznoSWRkIkTeAib0g/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="1" data-w="120"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0px 0% 3px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;padding: 0px 20px;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 1.5px;color: rgb(125, 146, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(237, 194, 113);box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgba(68, 161, 198, 0.79);box-sizing: border-box;">原文|</span></span> </strong>全球环境基金GEF、世界银行、可持续城市全球平台   <span style="color: rgba(68, 161, 198, 0.79);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">翻译|</strong></span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </strong>涂睿、孙丽明、顾晨慧、黄若畅、黄飘、高梦雪、陈纤嫣、赵焜、杨志威、刘希宇、肖中圣、张小韫、王宇琦   <span style="color: rgba(68, 161, 198, 0.79);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">文献|</strong></span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </strong>王琦<span style="color: rgba(68, 161, 198, 0.79);box-sizing: border-box;">  <strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">校核|</strong></span> 涂睿、众山小、孙丽明   <span style="color: rgba(68, 161, 198, 0.79);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">编辑|</strong></span> 众山小   <span style="color: rgba(68, 161, 198, 0.79);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">排版|</strong></span> 丑冰钦</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(128, 178, 188);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">微博 |</span></strong><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"> weibo.com/</span></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: right;margin: 10px 0% 20px;transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 7%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9TiaicIokKPsB5JJT6zic57eoO4rl086mGfib0ngT3bGtU3OZbF7yWricp9pRl8icGiae5GznoSWRkIkTeAib0g/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="1" data-w="120"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;transform: translate3d(15px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(15px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(15px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(15px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 12%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9TiaicIokKPsB5JJT6zic57eoO4rl086mGfib0ngT3bGtU3OZbF7yWricp9pRl8icGiae5GznoSWRkIkTeAib0g/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="1" data-w="120"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: -55px 0% 10px;transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 27%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tiaib6UPO6cGs81mNicYM9SMGT3jt7MEFumXtsicgsGLwZwJeia9lBrzibvKUREegAST7R4z85ZX1uLC8KgQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="1" data-w="120"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-color: rgb(181, 190, 143);border-style: none;border-width: 1px;background-color: rgb(158, 192, 199);border-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: -18px 0% 10px;font-size: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246);display: inline-block;width: 2.5em;height: 2.5em;line-height: 2.5em;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(255, 255, 240);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: right;transform: translate3d(-40px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-40px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-40px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-40px, 0px, 0px);margin: 0px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 20%;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 3px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(246, 246, 246);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="tn-yzk-fuid-text-10386-1536648223411" style="text-align: center;font-size: 22px;color: rgb(246, 246, 246);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 5px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;box-sizing: border-box;">一览</span></strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;box-sizing: border-box;">导读</span></strong><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 96%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(128, 178, 188) 0px 0px 6px;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);border-radius: 8px;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 10px 15px 8px;box-shadow: rgb(160, 160, 160) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="tn-yzk-fuid-text-61658-1548305745155" style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在世界银行客户城市中最常见的两个TOD 的规划和开发的障碍是（1）缺乏一个能够跨越不同规模、不同政府层级、不同规划部门进行TOD方案实施的统筹协调机构;（2）缺乏支撑TOD实施的政策框架，包括行人友好型法则、高效包容的规范以及市场友好型金融工具。而赋能工具就为解决这些障碍应运而生，它主要目标就是建立协调和制度化的规划行为。由于篇幅限制，本文选取EN-C01: TOD为公共传播做范例和EN-H01: 如何设立机构以及如何促进政府间的协作和为案例工具。全部赋能工具请参见TOD实施资源和工具完整报告。</p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: right;margin: -50px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 15%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(237, 194, 113);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: -70px 0% 0px;font-size: 18px;transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5em;height: 5em;margin: auto;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;text-align: center;border-radius: 100%;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: table;width: 100%;height: 5em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: table-cell;vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;line-height: 1.2;color: rgb(125, 146, 160);font-size: 15px;padding: 10px;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">阅读</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">正文</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;padding-left: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 7px;height: 7px;margin-left: -3px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(55, 120, 153);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 15px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(172, 172, 172);border-left: 1px solid rgb(172, 172, 172);border-radius: 0px 0px 0px 3px;margin-bottom: -1px;border-top-color: rgb(172, 172, 172);border-right-color: rgb(172, 172, 172);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="padding-left: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;border-top: 1px solid rgb(172, 172, 172);border-right-color: rgb(172, 172, 172);border-bottom-color: rgb(172, 172, 172);border-left-color: rgb(172, 172, 172);font-size: 14px;color: rgb(70, 87, 114);text-align: left;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一览众山小同时为您奉上本文英文原文《世界银行报告: TOD实施资源与工具书 》<span style="color: rgb(226, 64, 43);box-sizing: border-box;">（参考文献1，请后台留言联系我们索取）</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 20px 0% 10px;text-align: right;font-size: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgba(17, 170, 69, 0.55);display: inline-block;text-align: center;width: 2.5em;height: 2.5em;line-height: 2.5em;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(255, 255, 240);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img 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class="tn-yzk-fuid-text-71197-1550651119843" style="line-height: 1;font-size: 36px;color: rgb(238, 173, 114);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;box-sizing: border-box;">03<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: right;margin: -50px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 95%;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 2px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(238, 173, 114);padding: 50px 10px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="tn-yzk-fuid-text-57382-1552895783997" style="text-align: center;font-size: 18px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">关于TOD赋能工具  </strong></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">TOD框架中“赋能”步骤的重点是营造一个保障TOD成功实施的支撑环境。世界银行客户城市中最常见的两个TOD障碍是（1）缺乏一个能够跨越不同规模、不同政府层级、不同规划部门进行TOD方案实施的统筹协调机构;（2）缺乏支撑TOD实施的政策框架，包括行人友好型法则、高效包容的规范以及市场友好型金融工具。在《城市通过公共交通转型》（Transforming Cities with Transit ）—世界银行出版物(Suzuki, Cervero and Iuchi 2013)）中，也定义了世界银行城市客户实施TOD的一些关键障碍。主要包括各部门和司法管辖区的治理、监管支撑和协作方面的因素。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">这些挑战中的大多数都涉及协调和制度化的规划行为。“赋能”步骤主要侧重于解决这些挑战。其最终目标是建立当地的规划能力、融资能力、可持续且包容性的TOD能力（人力资源和流程）。这些能力既适用于私营部门、社会组织层面，也可以应用于公共利益部门（公职人员，公务员等）。 本工具中的知识资源将为各级决策者提供一套实施TOD工作更优的技术和工具。另外这些工具理想情况上应该伴随项目启动之时就开始应用，并纵贯整个项目实施过程中。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.3361111" data-w="1080" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9TiaicIokKPsB5JJT6zic57eoO4rgGFZoCxWWPQQbxKqf24PhRaDvcwD1pv4CPNFGSIJddmUSEdL7KLs7Q/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">与任何其他长期规划战略一样，可持续的TOD战略取决于过程和目标的制度化。世界银行/世界资源研究所TOD走廊课程（WB/WRI TOD Corridor Course (World Bank; World Resources Institute 2015）提出了建立TOD支撑环境，并使其制度化的关键构建模块。本文除了面向世界银行客户国家介绍其所面临的主要障碍，也介绍了这些构建模块：</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247);padding: 10px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="min-height: 40px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;margin: 0px auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><table style="border-collapse: collapse;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%"><tbody style="box-sizing: border-box;"><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);border-radius: 0px;border-style: none;padding: 0px 0px 0px 8px;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;" width="10.0000%"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 6px 0%;font-size: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;border-width: 2px;border-style: dotted;border-color: rgba(248, 248, 248, 0);width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;border-radius: 0.3em;background-color: rgb(238, 173, 114);font-size: 12px;line-height: 1.5em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1</p></section></section></section></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);border-radius: 0px;border-style: none;padding: 0px 8px;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;" width="85.0000%"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;padding: 0px 10px;font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(142, 201, 101);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">领导力和愿景：</strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">由于TOD是一项长期的变革性过程，最重要的成功要素之一就是强大的领导力和政治愿景。领导力包括制定强有力的长期愿景，创建有实权的、包容的和透明的实施机构和规划流程，确定资源分配的优先等级，并面向公众宣传项目愿景。然而，世界银行客户城市大多限于其政治体制框架，会受到领导人更迭等不连贯、管辖权复合分散所带来的的缺乏统一愿景等挑战。而在新加坡，作为一个城市国家，它提供了最成功的领导力和构建统一愿景的最佳案例。过去十年中，新加坡成功地转型成为一座公共交通友好型城市，就是这种成功领导力的实锤。而波哥大和库里蒂巴等城市在支持TOD的领导人其任期内，就快速地、通过实施快速公交系统BRT实现了类似的公交友好型转变，也是值得我们借鉴的经典案例。不过更多的城市经常受到城市领导层变化的困扰难以形成统一的发展愿景。不过许多印度城市是另外一种类型，那里的权力主要集中在联邦和州政府一级，因此很难由市级政府完成TOD项目。</span></p></section></section></section></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);border-radius: 0px;border-style: none;padding: 0px 0px 0px 8px;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;" width="10.0000%"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 6px 0%;font-size: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;border-width: 2px;border-style: dotted;border-color: rgba(248, 248, 248, 0);width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;border-radius: 0.3em;background-color: rgb(238, 173, 114);font-size: 12px;line-height: 1.5em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2</p></section></section></section></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);border-radius: 0px;border-style: none;padding: 0px 8px;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;" width="85.0000%"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;padding: 0px 5px;font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(142, 201, 101);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">强大的制度保障：</strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">除了强大的领导力之外，成功的TOD还同样需要强大的制度保障，这其中包含所有重要部门的代表，这些重要部门需具有影响城市转型的必要权力。即使领导层变革，强大的制度体系也能为TOD发展提供保障环境。体制结构应与社会政治和法律背景相关。而对于成功实施TOD最重要的机制保障包括，开发规划部门和交通主管部门之间的通力合作，或由公共部门和民间社会组织或公私合营合作伙伴（PPP）组成的TOD指导委员会。谁应该参与这种机制体系取决于公共、私人和民间社会组织在政治结构、土地所有权结构、融资能力和法律授权方面的影响程度，这些影响力同样也对大规模土地整合和重建项目产生深刻影响。确定适当的制度结构，是世界银行客户国家许多城市所面临的最大挑战。该制度结构应当推动强有力的领导力，允许高水平的跨部门、跨领域、跨公私之间的协作，并以适当的权利进行投资。</span></p></section></section></section></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);border-radius: 0px;border-style: none;padding: 0px 0px 0px 8px;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;" width="10.0000%"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 6px 0%;font-size: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;border-width: 2px;border-style: dotted;border-color: rgba(248, 248, 248, 0);width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;border-radius: 0.3em;background-color: rgb(238, 173, 114);font-size: 12px;line-height: 1.5em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">3</p></section></section></section></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);border-radius: 0px;border-style: none;padding: 0px 8px;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;" width="85.0000%"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;padding: 0px 5px;font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(238, 173, 114);box-sizing: border-box;">政府和参与机构之间的有效协调：</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">Transforming Cities with Transit 一书还指出，缺乏协作是TOD实施所面临的最大挑战之一。各级政府之间缺乏有效的纵向的沟通和协调，是印度、巴西和中国这些发展中大国实施TOD面临的共同的、主要的挑战，其中监管和金融权力主要面对来自司法层级顶层设计的挑战。而与此同时，不同的规划和城市建设部门之间的横向协调的挑战，同样在各大城市也很常见。制定开发和交通的决策是相互孤立的，通常其各自为政，作为单一措施来解决各自的问题，例如缺乏经济适用房，或需要解决严重的交通拥堵。这些决策很少征求和联系其他部门已经制定的决策，而且很少制定跨部门的共同的长期愿景。为此EN-H01工具提供了以下方面的指导：影响领导者、确定适当的体制结构、聚合各部门机构、建立协调机制，并使不同规模和不同职能的部门长期愿景统筹一致。 另外，EN-R01工具提供了TOD规划过程中不同利益相关者的典型角色和责任。</span></p></section></section></section></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);border-radius: 0px;border-style: none;padding: 0px 0px 0px 8px;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;" width="10.0000%"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 6px 0%;font-size: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;border-width: 2px;border-style: dotted;border-color: rgba(248, 248, 248, 0);width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;border-radius: 0.3em;background-color: rgb(238, 173, 114);font-size: 12px;line-height: 1.5em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">4</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);border-radius: 0px;border-style: none;padding: 0px 8px;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;" width="85.0000%"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;padding: 0px 5px;font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(238, 173, 114);box-sizing: border-box;">包容和有效的社区参与：</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">最后，也是最重要的促成因素是包容性和有效的社区参与过程。社区参与不仅旨在提供信息，还应教育社区关于TOD长期愿景的效益。它应该能够建立一种促进TOD目标实现的能力。例如2016年孟买的TOD计划，最终因为周边居民的强烈反对而失败。居民在规划过程中的缺失、隔离和被忽略带来了其对TOD规划的强烈挫败感。这个例子很好地显示了有效的公众参与，在促成TOD方面的重要性。而工具EN-C01和EN-C02就提供了推动社区公众参与的帮助。</span></p></section></section></section></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);border-radius: 0px;border-style: none;padding: 0px 0px 0px 8px;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;" width="10.0000%"><br  /></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);border-radius: 0px;border-style: none;padding: 0px 8px;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;" width="85.0000%"><br  /></td></tr></tbody></table></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 20px 0% 10px;font-size: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgba(17, 170, 69, 0.55);display: inline-block;text-align: center;width: 2.5em;height: 2.5em;line-height: 2.5em;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(255, 255, 240);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0% 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;margin: 0px 0% -22px;transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 70px;height: 50px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.6688103" data-w="311" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/39u6IialNosA4dBAL2avhgibVh84MUlCiauUcCJ8gxte45eo829ppplB5E5BeDWGZu676OMZZvxvfx2fG7Jqo0tMA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 100px 0px 0px 100px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);padding: 0px 45px 0px 35px;background-image: linear-gradient(315deg, rgb(33, 91, 233) 33%, rgb(129, 231, 253) 100%);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-shadow: rgb(0, 126, 173) 1.28558px 1.53209px 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">TOD赋能工具书包括以下知识产品：<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: right;margin: -35px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 35px;height: 35px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 300 300" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%"><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M285.3,285.3c9.1-9.1,14.7-21.6,14.7-35.3v50h-50C263.8,300,276.3,294.4,285.3,285.3z" fill="rgb(255, 255, 255)"></path><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M300,0v250c0-13.8-5.6-26.3-14.7-35.3c-9.1-9.1-21.6-14.7-35.3-14.7s-26.3,5.6-35.3,14.7   c-9.1,9.1-14.7,21.6-14.7,35.3c0,27.5,22.5,50,50,50H73c13.8,0,26.3-5.6,35.3-14.7c9.1-9.1,14.7-21.6,14.7-35.3   c0-27.5-22.5-50-50-50H50c-13.8,0-26.3-5.6-35.3-14.7C5.6,176.3,0,163.8,0,150c0-27.6,22.4-50,50-50h144c13.8,0,26.3-5.6,35.3-14.7   C238.4,76.3,244,63.8,244,50c0-27.5-22.5-50-50-50H300z" fill="rgb(255, 255, 255)"></path><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M300,250c0,13.8-5.6,26.3-14.7,35.3c-9.1,9.1-21.6,14.7-35.3,14.7c-27.5,0-50-22.5-50-50   c0-13.8,5.6-26.3,14.7-35.3c9.1-9.1,21.6-14.7,35.3-14.7s26.3,5.6,35.3,14.7C294.4,223.8,300,236.3,300,250z" fill="rgb(33,91,233)"></path><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M123,250c0,13.8-5.6,26.3-14.7,35.3C99.3,294.4,86.8,300,73,300H0V150c0,13.8,5.6,26.3,14.7,35.3   c9,9,21.5,14.7,35.3,14.7h23C100.5,200,123,222.5,123,250z" fill="rgb(33,91,233)"></path><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M244,50c0,13.8-5.6,26.3-14.7,35.3c-9.1,9.1-21.6,14.7-35.3,14.7H50c-27.6,0-50,22.4-50,50V0h194   C221.5,0,244,22.5,244,50z" fill="rgb(33,91,233)"></path><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M300,250c0,13.8-5.6,26.3-14.7,35.3c-9.1,9.1-21.6,14.7-35.3,14.7c-27.5,0-50-22.5-50-50   c0-13.8,5.6-26.3,14.7-35.3c9.1-9.1,21.6-14.7,35.3-14.7s26.3,5.6,35.3,14.7C294.4,223.8,300,236.3,300,250z" fill="rgb(33,91,233)"></path></svg></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tiaib572S5DJOwRjvhoediazCibia1Jsu1yn47C9rw1KHJYpWeE2n5Hg2iclHICaravqDIXt7frNH9jTpTQw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" class="" data-ratio="0.9292364990689013" data-w="537"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0% -1px;transform: rotateX(180deg) rotateY(180deg);-webkit-transform: rotateX(180deg) rotateY(180deg);-moz-transform: rotateX(180deg) rotateY(180deg);-o-transform: rotateX(180deg) rotateY(180deg);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 828.5 74.6" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%"><path d="M828.5-69.2v97.5c-57.3,7.2-133.9,14.8-203.8,14.8c-133.8,0-280.8-28.5-417.7-28.5C103.4,14.6,29.7,25.2,0,30.3v-99.6H828.5   z" fill="rgb(200,233,255)" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></path><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M828.5,28.3V49c-57.3,12.5-133.9,25.6-203.8,25.6c-133.8,0-280.8-49.3-417.7-49.3   C103.4,25.3,29.7,43.6,0,52.5V30.3c29.7-5.2,103.4-15.7,206.9-15.7c136.9,0,283.8,28.5,417.7,28.5C694.6,43.1,771.2,35.5,828.5,28.3   z" fill="rgba(200,233,255,0.52)"></path></svg></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(200, 233, 255);padding: 0px 15px 15px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0px 0% -22px;transform: translate3d(15px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(15px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(15px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(15px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 70px;height: 50px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.6688103" data-w="311" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/39u6IialNosA4dBAL2avhgibVh84MUlCiauUcCJ8gxte45eo829ppplB5E5BeDWGZu676OMZZvxvfx2fG7Jqo0tMA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-width: 2px;border-radius: 10px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(33, 91, 233);overflow: hidden;padding: 20px;background-image: linear-gradient(225deg, rgb(33, 91, 233) 0%, rgb(0, 160, 255) 100%);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 30px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">TOD赋能工具举例</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin: -1px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 828.5 74.6" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%"><path d="M828.5-69.2v97.5c-57.3,7.2-133.9,14.8-203.8,14.8c-133.8,0-280.8-28.5-417.7-28.5C103.4,14.6,29.7,25.2,0,30.3v-99.6H828.5   z" fill="rgb(200,233,255)" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></path><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M828.5,28.3V49c-57.3,12.5-133.9,25.6-203.8,25.6c-133.8,0-280.8-49.3-417.7-49.3   C103.4,25.3,29.7,43.6,0,52.5V30.3c29.7-5.2,103.4-15.7,206.9-15.7c136.9,0,283.8,28.5,417.7,28.5C694.6,43.1,771.2,35.5,828.5,28.3   z" fill="rgba(200,233,255,0.52)"></path></svg></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;margin: 0px 0% -22px;transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 70px;height: 50px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.6688103" data-w="311" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/39u6IialNosA4dBAL2avhgibVh84MUlCiauUcCJ8gxte45eo829ppplB5E5BeDWGZu676OMZZvxvfx2fG7Jqo0tMA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 100px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);overflow: hidden;background-image: linear-gradient(45deg, rgb(33, 91, 233) 0%, rgb(129, 231, 253) 100%);padding: 0px 20px 0px 35px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 9px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 3px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-shadow: rgb(0, 126, 173) 1.28558px 1.53209px 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">EN-C01：为公共传播做范例</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">围绕TOD实施的一个关键问题是，跨部门整合的困难。如果缺乏整合，那么交通、住房和用地政策对于未来的开发都是独木难支的；而聚合各部门的力量为TOD共同愿景而努力，各部门之间的利益差异就会消失。由于TOD在许多司法管辖区内以不同的规模发生，因此从业者必须了解各个利益相关方的动机、可能的利益交换以及如何更好地统一意识，这样确保项目得以成功地实施。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">此外，除了部分有公职人员选举的发展中国家之外，大部分TOD的规划和实施，都有赖于公共机构和私人机构之间的权衡利弊，而缺乏公众参与。在实践中，除了以政治领导者的强烈意愿和个人承诺所建立的主人翁意识之外，广泛的公众参与也是决定TOD规划的成功与失败的关键。而开始公众参与之前，识别并确定能够有效影响公众舆论的方法工具，也是十分必要的。这种沟通的无效或者不合时宜，将会导致TOD项目最终毁于一旦。这就是如前所述的孟买，由于公共舆论对TOD开发项目的诸多诟病，最终导致其失败的原因是一样的。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">公众参与规划的机制，为公民提供机会（如投票，公开听证会等），帮助其在当地社区、城市及更大尺度范围内的治理和决策过程中发挥作用。<span style="color: rgb(71, 193, 168);box-sizing: border-box;">不仅是提高未来新迁入居民的生活质量，也能同时提高当前的本地居民生活质量，才是包容性TOD项目的核心价值观。</span>但是这个前提就是需要公众参与和利益相关方致力于增加TOD的包容性，确保利益相关方的担忧能得到解决和解释，并且令他们确信TOD开发项目最终可以带来其个人利益和城市利益的双赢。（WB / WRI 2015）</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">声明：TOD知识产品（The TOD Knowledge Products）旨在为TOD的实施提供一套先进的框架，以指导城市在规划的各个阶段解决TOD面对的各类障碍。由于中低收入城市的背景各不相同，因此TOD知识产品的应用必须适应的结合当地需求和优先事项，并根据具体情况进行本地化的定制。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0% 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;margin: 0px 0% -22px;transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 70px;height: 50px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.6688103" data-w="311" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/39u6IialNosA4dBAL2avhgibVh84MUlCiauUcCJ8gxte45eo829ppplB5E5BeDWGZu676OMZZvxvfx2fG7Jqo0tMA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 100px 0px 0px 100px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);padding: 0px 45px 0px 35px;background-image: linear-gradient(315deg, rgb(33, 91, 233) 33%, rgb(129, 231, 253) 100%);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-shadow: rgb(0, 126, 173) 1.28558px 1.53209px 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">EN-C01工具的目的</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: right;margin: -35px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 35px;height: 35px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 300 300" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%"><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M285.3,285.3c9.1-9.1,14.7-21.6,14.7-35.3v50h-50C263.8,300,276.3,294.4,285.3,285.3z" fill="rgb(255, 255, 255)"></path><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M300,0v250c0-13.8-5.6-26.3-14.7-35.3c-9.1-9.1-21.6-14.7-35.3-14.7s-26.3,5.6-35.3,14.7   c-9.1,9.1-14.7,21.6-14.7,35.3c0,27.5,22.5,50,50,50H73c13.8,0,26.3-5.6,35.3-14.7c9.1-9.1,14.7-21.6,14.7-35.3   c0-27.5-22.5-50-50-50H50c-13.8,0-26.3-5.6-35.3-14.7C5.6,176.3,0,163.8,0,150c0-27.6,22.4-50,50-50h144c13.8,0,26.3-5.6,35.3-14.7   C238.4,76.3,244,63.8,244,50c0-27.5-22.5-50-50-50H300z" fill="rgb(255, 255, 255)"></path><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M300,250c0,13.8-5.6,26.3-14.7,35.3c-9.1,9.1-21.6,14.7-35.3,14.7c-27.5,0-50-22.5-50-50   c0-13.8,5.6-26.3,14.7-35.3c9.1-9.1,21.6-14.7,35.3-14.7s26.3,5.6,35.3,14.7C294.4,223.8,300,236.3,300,250z" fill="rgb(33,91,233)"></path><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M123,250c0,13.8-5.6,26.3-14.7,35.3C99.3,294.4,86.8,300,73,300H0V150c0,13.8,5.6,26.3,14.7,35.3   c9,9,21.5,14.7,35.3,14.7h23C100.5,200,123,222.5,123,250z" fill="rgb(33,91,233)"></path><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M244,50c0,13.8-5.6,26.3-14.7,35.3c-9.1,9.1-21.6,14.7-35.3,14.7H50c-27.6,0-50,22.4-50,50V0h194   C221.5,0,244,22.5,244,50z" fill="rgb(33,91,233)"></path><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M300,250c0,13.8-5.6,26.3-14.7,35.3c-9.1,9.1-21.6,14.7-35.3,14.7c-27.5,0-50-22.5-50-50   c0-13.8,5.6-26.3,14.7-35.3c9.1-9.1,21.6-14.7,35.3-14.7s26.3,5.6,35.3,14.7C294.4,223.8,300,236.3,300,250z" fill="rgb(33,91,233)"></path></svg></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">任何项目或计划，为了实现公众支持的的目标，市政当局必须与社区成员接触。这包括居民，企业主和代表不同人口群体的任何组织。要想尽可能多地参与公共研讨会，需要具有相关性和包容性的外联战略。</span><span style="color: rgb(71, 193, 168);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">该工具指导城市通过暗示性营销推广和外联项目，宣传TOD项目的益处。</strong></span></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0% 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;margin: 0px 0% -22px;transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 70px;height: 50px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.6688103" data-w="311" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/39u6IialNosA4dBAL2avhgibVh84MUlCiauUcCJ8gxte45eo829ppplB5E5BeDWGZu676OMZZvxvfx2fG7Jqo0tMA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 100px 0px 0px 100px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);padding: 0px 45px 0px 35px;background-image: linear-gradient(315deg, rgb(33, 91, 233) 33%, rgb(129, 231, 253) 100%);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">运用EN-C01工具寻找项目推动者</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: right;margin: -35px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 35px;height: 35px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 300 300" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%"><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M285.3,285.3c9.1-9.1,14.7-21.6,14.7-35.3v50h-50C263.8,300,276.3,294.4,285.3,285.3z" fill="rgb(255, 255, 255)"></path><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M300,0v250c0-13.8-5.6-26.3-14.7-35.3c-9.1-9.1-21.6-14.7-35.3-14.7s-26.3,5.6-35.3,14.7   c-9.1,9.1-14.7,21.6-14.7,35.3c0,27.5,22.5,50,50,50H73c13.8,0,26.3-5.6,35.3-14.7c9.1-9.1,14.7-21.6,14.7-35.3   c0-27.5-22.5-50-50-50H50c-13.8,0-26.3-5.6-35.3-14.7C5.6,176.3,0,163.8,0,150c0-27.6,22.4-50,50-50h144c13.8,0,26.3-5.6,35.3-14.7   C238.4,76.3,244,63.8,244,50c0-27.5-22.5-50-50-50H300z" fill="rgb(255, 255, 255)"></path><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M300,250c0,13.8-5.6,26.3-14.7,35.3c-9.1,9.1-21.6,14.7-35.3,14.7c-27.5,0-50-22.5-50-50   c0-13.8,5.6-26.3,14.7-35.3c9.1-9.1,21.6-14.7,35.3-14.7s26.3,5.6,35.3,14.7C294.4,223.8,300,236.3,300,250z" fill="rgb(33,91,233)"></path><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M123,250c0,13.8-5.6,26.3-14.7,35.3C99.3,294.4,86.8,300,73,300H0V150c0,13.8,5.6,26.3,14.7,35.3   c9,9,21.5,14.7,35.3,14.7h23C100.5,200,123,222.5,123,250z" fill="rgb(33,91,233)"></path><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M244,50c0,13.8-5.6,26.3-14.7,35.3c-9.1,9.1-21.6,14.7-35.3,14.7H50c-27.6,0-50,22.4-50,50V0h194   C221.5,0,244,22.5,244,50z" fill="rgb(33,91,233)"></path><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M300,250c0,13.8-5.6,26.3-14.7,35.3c-9.1,9.1-21.6,14.7-35.3,14.7c-27.5,0-50-22.5-50-50   c0-13.8,5.6-26.3,14.7-35.3c9.1-9.1,21.6-14.7,35.3-14.7s26.3,5.6,35.3,14.7C294.4,223.8,300,236.3,300,250z" fill="rgb(33,91,233)"></path></svg></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">项目推动者不仅可以在地方政界中找到，也可以在当地社区中找到。寻找项目推动者有助于确保您的TOD项目被视为符合社区利益的公民项目，而不是自上而下的强推。它还有助于项目的长期发展，特别是考虑到项目生命周期中政治领导人或项目管理者不可避免的变化。项目推动者可以是当地的市民工人、土地所有者、社区组织的领导者、学术机构、媒体代表或特定社区中的其他知名公众人物。项目推动者应该是以下人员：</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="tn-yzk-fuid-text-30930-1550656258029" style="transform: rotate(0.1deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(0.1deg);-moz-transform: rotate(0.1deg);-o-transform: rotate(0.1deg);margin-right: -0.2em;margin-top: 0.03em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;color: rgb(238, 173, 114);font-size: 64px;line-height: 0.6;font-weight: 700;max-width: 20% !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1</p></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;padding: 10px 10px 10px 20px;width: 90%;background-color: rgb(255, 243, 224);box-shadow: rgb(238, 173, 114) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="tn-yzk-fuid-text-16880-1550656457333" style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">以将人们聚集在一起而不是分裂社区而闻名。</p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="tn-yzk-fuid-text-30930-1550656258029" style="transform: rotate(0.1deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(0.1deg);-moz-transform: rotate(0.1deg);-o-transform: rotate(0.1deg);margin-right: -0.2em;margin-top: 0.03em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;color: rgb(238, 173, 114);font-size: 64px;line-height: 0.6;font-weight: 700;max-width: 20% !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2</p></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;padding: 10px 10px 10px 20px;width: 90%;background-color: rgb(255, 243, 224);box-shadow: rgb(238, 173, 114) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="tn-yzk-fuid-text-16880-1550656457333" style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在社区内拥有牢固的关系，理想情况下，跨越社会经济阶层、职业和政治信仰。</p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="tn-yzk-fuid-text-30930-1550656258029" style="transform: rotate(0.1deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(0.1deg);-moz-transform: rotate(0.1deg);-o-transform: rotate(0.1deg);margin-right: -0.2em;margin-top: 0.03em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;color: rgb(238, 173, 114);font-size: 64px;line-height: 0.6;font-weight: 700;max-width: 20% !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">3</p></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;padding: 10px 10px 10px 20px;width: 90%;background-color: rgb(255, 243, 224);box-shadow: rgb(238, 173, 114) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="tn-yzk-fuid-text-16880-1550656457333" style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">能够清楚地说明启动项目和项目进行过程中可能出现的问题。</p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(71, 193, 168);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">要成为成功的倡导者，项目推动者自己必须相信TOD计划的好处，才能代表项目发言。项目推动者应该参与整个规划过程，以确保完全的主人翁意识和对TOD结果的责任。</strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">项目推动者在TOD过程中发挥重要作用，他们通过参与社区活动、社交网络和伙伴关系创建，将社区成员聚集在一起来支持TOD。作为社区中高度参与和深度关联的成员，他们可以在早期解决公众的不满，并推动社区对项目的支持。例如，如果项目负责人观察到社区成员非常关注项目建设阶段引起的交通问题，他们可以立刻将此信息传递给您的TOD执行团队，同时在问题阻碍项目进程之前，向相关公民提供一对一的对话和沟通，通过项目推动者提供更专业、细致的TOD项目理解、事实和数据，并为他们提供成功与公众沟通所需的支持。强大的项目推动者可以推动TOD项目的成功，并确保公众关注（不可避免）在项目实施全程中得到有效管理和解决。因此战略性地利用这些有价值的利益相关者，对于项目成功来说无疑是至关重要的。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tiaib572S5DJOwRjvhoediazCibia0k3nJyjrqF0oNC3x8fIm4npicJDZsgjCuzV5kbrdRRD4VJ4A0y9Ul3g/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" class="" data-ratio="1.0166163141993958" data-w="662"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tiaib572S5DJOwRjvhoediazCibia5ibVpYtjppUxEzzt82mNKruiafcYyhrjG2CuyMrESEvwFyyBULBnkAyA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" class="" data-ratio="1.1267361111111112" data-w="576"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(71, 193, 168);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">EN-C01工具——专家研讨会</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">专家研讨会是一种创造性的头脑风暴，它为项目创造动力，通常也被设置为TOD项目的标准程序。它可以将项目从静态的、复杂问题转变为成功的可构建的计划。通常它是一个目的明确的多日会议，使用协作方法来创建现实可行的项目设计。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 20px 0% 10px;text-align: right;font-size: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgba(17, 170, 69, 0.55);display: inline-block;text-align: center;width: 2.5em;height: 2.5em;line-height: 2.5em;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(255, 255, 240);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0.6em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="width: 0.6em;height: 0.6em;display: block;opacity: 0.2;background-color: rgb(142, 201, 101);box-sizing: border-box;"></span><span style="width: 0.6em;height: 0.6em;display: block;opacity: 0.6;margin: 2px 0px;background-color: rgb(142, 201, 101);box-sizing: border-box;"></span><span style="width: 0.6em;height: 0.6em;display: block;opacity: 1;background-color: rgb(142, 201, 101);box-sizing: border-box;"></span></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;font-size: 14px;padding-left: 5px;color: rgb(142, 201, 101);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">规划/设计专家研讨会</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">由核心规划团队领导的为期数天的协作研讨会，将居民、开发商和政策制定者聚集在一起，根据四个反馈循环：愿景、想法、理念和解决方案，来创建一个可行且“85％准备好”的TOD社区概念计划。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/DQdol7T0cSicomMZbeIUB9W2bbCOiaLiaquhicZUbIlFH2WWU7SHdHHgLyg12armuPicqswibDdKwbibQ0iaur0gcPg42g/640?wx_fmt=png" style="width: 30px;vertical-align: top;margin-left: 16px;background-color: rgb(142, 201, 101);box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="1" data-w="40"  /><section style="display: inline-block;padding: 3px;margin-left: 8px;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(142, 201, 101);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">第一天</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">团队介绍; 增长和痛点关键词活动（更新的和更具参与性的“SWOT”分析）;</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/DQdol7T0cSicomMZbeIUB9W2bbCOiaLiaquhicZUbIlFH2WWU7SHdHHgLyg12armuPicqswibDdKwbibQ0iaur0gcPg42g/640?wx_fmt=png" style="width: 30px;vertical-align: top;margin-left: 16px;background-color: rgb(142, 201, 101);box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="1" data-w="40"  /><section style="display: inline-block;padding: 3px;margin-left: 8px;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(142, 201, 101);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">第二天</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">TOD基础（设计和经济）;玩“TOD桌面游戏”，一款社区居民动手参与的活动，社区居民手动布置一系列土地利用的图标，包括——街景提升、行车道、公交服务等（TOD中的“T”）;公园和广场、公共艺术等，以及其他“开放空间”属性（TOD中的“O”）;以及联排别墅、公寓楼、零售商店和学校（TOD中的“D”），来组建一系列备选方案。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/DQdol7T0cSicomMZbeIUB9W2bbCOiaLiaquhicZUbIlFH2WWU7SHdHHgLyg12armuPicqswibDdKwbibQ0iaur0gcPg42g/640?wx_fmt=png" style="width: 30px;vertical-align: top;margin-left: 16px;background-color: rgb(142, 201, 101);box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="1" data-w="40"  /><section style="display: inline-block;padding: 3px;margin-left: 8px;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(142, 201, 101);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">第三天</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在TOD管理游戏中回放“我们听到了什么”，并对社区居民首选的备选方案进行实时的电子投票。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/DQdol7T0cSicomMZbeIUB9W2bbCOiaLiaquhicZUbIlFH2WWU7SHdHHgLyg12armuPicqswibDdKwbibQ0iaur0gcPg42g/640?wx_fmt=png" style="width: 30px;vertical-align: top;margin-left: 16px;background-color: rgb(142, 201, 101);box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="1" data-w="40"  /><section style="display: inline-block;padding: 3px;margin-left: 8px;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(142, 201, 101);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">第四天</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">TOD社区概念计划的揭幕，36小时头脑风暴马拉松式的讨论结果，通常在100张幻灯片演示中达到高潮，由20到30个全尺寸演示板组成，配合社区居民最爱的延时照片对比，来对TOD计划中选定街道/区域的变化进行可视化，展现从“现在”到“未来”的对比演变。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tiaib572S5DJOwRjvhoediazCibiaG2lqwTbP9PFh5FQWYCgNWpMrXxWfNOItpsBaFJDYT4ic4OJvuBGdMzw/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif" class="" data-ratio="0.5031185031185031" data-w="481"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图五、TOD桌上游戏，图片来源：IBI Group</strong></em></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tiaib572S5DJOwRjvhoediazCibiaIy3UuBMY5Rx938gy5u46ZJQKcvRd5NQ1zfS7iaIDGVlYj8NQrmyiacmg/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif" class="" data-ratio="0.5073684210526316" data-w="475"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图六、“我们所听到的”回放与投票</strong></em></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tiaib572S5DJOwRjvhoediazCibia6PQcxPc24licicAgXEjNo0JR8fHXNNs1l0I4yWuQAsOFIYOGfjYyic6fQ/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif" class="" data-ratio="1.2895238095238095" data-w="525"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图七</strong></em><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">、</strong></em><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">专家研讨会</strong></em></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 20px 0% 10px;font-size: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgba(17, 170, 69, 0.55);display: inline-block;text-align: center;width: 2.5em;height: 2.5em;line-height: 2.5em;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(255, 255, 240);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;margin: 0px 0% -22px;transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 70px;height: 50px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.6688103" data-w="311" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/39u6IialNosA4dBAL2avhgibVh84MUlCiauUcCJ8gxte45eo829ppplB5E5BeDWGZu676OMZZvxvfx2fG7Jqo0tMA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 100px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);overflow: hidden;background-image: linear-gradient(45deg, rgb(33, 91, 233) 0%, rgb(129, 231, 253) 100%);padding: 0px 20px 0px 35px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 9px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 3px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-shadow: rgb(0, 126, 173) 1.28558px 1.53209px 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">EN-C01工具——交互活动</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(71, 193, 168);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">你如何在调动TOD讨论的氛围，让参与者跳出常规的框架思考，并让人们采取整体性和包容性的方法来围绕站点进行社区规划？</strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">为什么不尝试游戏？</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">TOD项目经常涉及多个利益相关者的合作，在优化解决方案方面，他们有不同的目标和偏好。找到各方都同意的解决方案至关重要，为了确保成功完成这些项目，特别是当不同的利益相关方分摊成本时，因为没有一方能够独自为公共交通/土地使用开发项目提供资金。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">游戏正在成为一个有用的平台，用以促进就当今最紧迫的城市发展问题进行有意义的对话。通过模拟、角色扮演甚至用乐高积木，交互式城市发展和规划游戏可以提供一种有趣和吸引人的方式，将不同的利益相关者群体融入到讨论中。这些游戏消除了在更正式的会议中经常感受到的威胁气氛，并允许参与者在共同评估不同发展路径的同时更轻松地相互沟通。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">游戏可以通过分解组件，将其分解为更小、更易于理解的部分来帮助简化复杂且看似无法克服的问题。此外，需要角色扮演的游戏可以迫使参与者走出他们的舒适区，帮助他们从不同的角度开始理解和观察问题，例如体验骑车者的视角和经历，将关注带到他们通常忽略的问题。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">下文概述了一些交互式游戏的例子，这些游戏促使公共和私营部门利益相关者（包括公众）在规划和实施TOD、角色扮演、优先级设置和权衡利弊方面，在非威胁环境中制定解决方案以及调整利益。这些游戏被用作全球最佳实践，并已被项目团队用于发达国家和发展中国家的TOD项目。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">这些游戏中的大多数被组织为对话/过渡活动，作为TOD专家研讨会的一部分（通常组织为一天/两天的活动）。最后还概述了TOD专家研讨会的流程，来确定在流程中那个部分可以容纳这些游戏环节。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tiaib572S5DJOwRjvhoediazCibiazFgPUrZOaAAgaDFlsyBEqsZMwINpxTGWqEWG8pfnxklA5vBokHocGg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" class="" data-ratio="1.0258152173913044" data-w="736"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图八</strong></em><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">、</strong></em><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">互动棋盘游戏，战场规划，卡尔加里市。图片来源：IBI Group</strong></em></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 20px 0% 10px;text-align: right;font-size: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgba(17, 170, 69, 0.55);display: inline-block;text-align: center;width: 2.5em;height: 2.5em;line-height: 2.5em;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(255, 255, 240);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(123, 172, 163);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 18%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);margin: -1px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 40px;height: 40px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px 0px 100%;border-style: solid;border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) rgb(123, 172, 163) rgb(123, 172, 163) rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 3px 0% 0px;transform: translate3d(4px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(4px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(4px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(4px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 60%;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 64.7 40.8" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%"><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><path d="M36.2,27c0,0.2,0,0.4,0,0.6l0,0c0.5,7.4,6.7,13.3,14.2,13.3c7.9,0,14.3-6.4,14.3-14.3c0-7.2-5.3-13.1-12.2-14.1   C53,8.9,54.2,4,57,0c0,0-19,3-20.7,24.7c-0.1,0.6-0.1,1.2-0.1,1.8C36.2,26.7,36.2,26.9,36.2,27z" fill="rgb(123,172,163)" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></path><path d="M0,27c0,0.2,0,0.4,0,0.6l0,0C0.6,35,6.7,40.8,14.3,40.8c7.9,0,14.3-6.4,14.3-14.3c0-7.2-5.3-13.1-12.2-14.1   C16.8,8.9,18,4,20.8,0c0,0-19,3-20.7,24.7C0,25.3,0,26,0,26.6C0,26.7,0,26.9,0,27z" fill="rgb(123,172,163)" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></path></g></svg></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 82%;padding: 5px 5px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(46, 101, 91);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="tn-yzk-fuid-text-29591-1550219818999" style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(46, 101, 91);line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><ul class=" list-paddingleft-2" style="list-style-type: disc;"><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">活动1：</strong>纸牌游戏——打出你最好的一手好牌。</p></li><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">活动2：</strong>想法/资金分配</p></li><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">活动3</strong>：快速建立社交网络——5分钟内听取您的利益相关方/并分享您的问题，共同设计解决方案</p></li><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">活动4</strong>：问题和想法</p></li><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">活动5</strong>：偏好板</p></li><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">活动6</strong>：TOD互动管理游戏</p></li><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">其他虚拟游戏<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></li></ul></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(147, 195, 186);height: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0px 0% 10px;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;height: 2em;padding: 0px 0.5em;line-height: 2em;background-color: rgb(147, 195, 186);text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">活动一</p></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-left: 0.5em solid rgb(147, 195, 186);border-top: 1em solid rgb(147, 195, 186);border-right: 0.5em solid transparent !important;border-bottom: 1em solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;line-height: 2em;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">纸牌游戏 - 打出你的一手好牌</p></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">意图：</strong></span></p><ul class=" list-paddingleft-2" style="list-style-type: disc;"><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">确定关键优先事项/议题</span></p></li></ul><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;">谁是参与者：</span></strong></p><ul class=" list-paddingleft-2" style="list-style-type: disc;"><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">通常仅限于公共部门/利益相关公共机构。</span></p></li><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">可以扩展到选择私营的利益相关机构，如NGO /开发商/商务团体。</span></p></li><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">发展中国家，市长和制定政治决策的利益相关者经常参与。</span></p></li></ul><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">形式：</strong></span></p><ul class=" list-paddingleft-2" style="list-style-type: disc;"><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">专家分组讨论研讨会。利益相关者坐在桌子周围，随机组成6到8人的小组。</span></p></li></ul><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;">理想的参与规模：</span></strong></p><ul class=" list-paddingleft-2" style="list-style-type: disc;"><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">最多50-75个利益相关者。超过这个规模，收集反馈和编写报告会消耗大量时间。</span></p></li></ul><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;">典型时间：</span></strong></p><ul class=" list-paddingleft-2" style="list-style-type: disc;"><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">30分钟（玩游戏10分钟，讨论结果20分钟）。</span></p></li></ul><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;">描述：</span></strong></p><ul class=" list-paddingleft-2" style="list-style-type: disc;"><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">预先准备一套12张的卡片（类似于一副牌中的套牌）和另外的一张外卡（类似于一副牌中的王），每张卡片代表社区面临的一个关键问题。</span></p></li><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">在研讨会之前，在客户的协助下预先确定优先事项/问题清单。</span></p></li><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">要求每个利益相关者“尽最大努力”，即在桌面上放置3张牌，代表他们的三个优先问题。</span></p></li><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">如果12张卡不代表优先权问题，利益相关者也可以选择在外卡上写自己的问题。</span></p></li><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">项目团队收集每个利益相关方的卡片，并对得分进行统计（而研讨会的其他组成部分正在进行中）。</span></p></li><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">项目团队的成员报告优先级的排名。</span></p></li></ul><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;">其他建议</span></strong></p><ul class=" list-paddingleft-2" style="list-style-type: disc;"><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">外卡可以印上项目主导人或社区/城市政治领导人的照片。</span></p></li><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">其余9张卡由利益相关者作为研讨会的纪念品带回。可以在卡的背面提供与项目、主要联系人等有关的信息。</span></p></li></ul></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tiaib572S5DJOwRjvhoediazCibiaUArnypibBiabw1DMDUAQcnU5FKDMMGnTUc15hNBTj1Z0Gd3iampBS00vA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="0.8463768115942029" data-w="690"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图九、研讨会报告利益相关者确定的优先事项（左），优先事项排序（右），图片来源：IBI Group</strong></em></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(147, 195, 186);height: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0px 0% 10px;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;height: 2em;padding: 0px 0.5em;line-height: 2em;background-color: rgb(147, 195, 186);text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">活动二</p></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-left: 0.5em solid rgb(147, 195, 186);border-top: 1em solid rgb(147, 195, 186);border-right: 0.5em solid transparent !important;border-bottom: 1em solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;line-height: 2em;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">想法/资金分配</p></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">意图：</strong></span></p><ul class=" list-paddingleft-2" style="list-style-type: disc;"><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">根据市政资金的可使用情况，确定项目的优先顺序。</span></p></li><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">优先考虑项目/想法。</span></p></li></ul><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;">谁是参与者：</span></strong></p><ul class=" list-paddingleft-2" style="list-style-type: disc;"><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">通常仅限于公共部门/机构利益相关者。</span></p></li><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">可以扩展到选择私营的利益相关机构，如NGO /开发人员/业务改进小组。</span></p></li><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">发展中国家，市长和制定政治决策的利益相关者经常参与。</span></p></li></ul><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">形式：</strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">工作坊/研讨会的设置。利益相关者在专家研讨会的休息/停工期间参与此活动。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;">理想的参与规模：</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">最多50-75个利益相关者。超过这个规模，收集反馈和编写报告会消耗大量时间。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;">典型时间：</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">30分钟（玩游戏10分钟，讨论报道20分钟）。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;">描述：</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">作为研讨会的一部分，在桌面上提供代表基建投资项目/项目构想的多个箱子或罐子。用一两句话的形式简短描述每个想法/基建投资项目，也写在盒子/罐子上。</span></p><ul class=" list-paddingleft-2" style="list-style-type: disc;"><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">每个项目/想法的成本也写在罐子上。项目成本可能因项目性质而异。成本数字保持独立但又注重相互关系。例如，LRT Transit项目标价3 $，BRT Transit 项目标价2 $，而现有公交车队升级项目标价1 $。</span></p></li><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">每个利益相关者交付模拟货币（比如10个硬币/纸币/ 10美元），代表可用于资本项目的有限市政资金。</span></p></li><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">要求每个利益相关者将资金（比如10美元）用于他们认为合适的项目，并解释为什么。</span></p></li><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">项目团队在每个方框中记录金额（而研讨会的其他组成部分正在进行中）。</span></p></li><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">项目团队的成员报告项目/想法的排名。</span></p></li></ul><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;">其他建议</span></strong></p><ul class=" list-paddingleft-2" style="list-style-type: disc;"><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">项目/想法清单不应该过长，并代表社区的相关解决方案。 通常，当解决方案/项目/想法的基本概念被大众所理解时，该游戏在项目过程中可以很好地发挥作用。</span></p></li><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">在研讨会之前，在客户的协助下预先制定项目/想法清单。</span></p></li><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">游戏也可用于设定项目目标/优先级。</span></p></li></ul></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tiaib572S5DJOwRjvhoediazCibiaNaj1aEFO5oqm9ibiabEp7sWSnTKy3zQxK8XlnG1NLpOFEtAsiaUsPBpzQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="0.7411764705882353" data-w="255"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图十、安大略省约克地区运输总体规划项目的硬币博弈活动侧重于确定项目优先事项，图片来源：IBI Group</strong></em></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(147, 195, 186);height: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0px 0% 10px;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;height: 2em;padding: 0px 0.5em;line-height: 2em;background-color: rgb(147, 195, 186);text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">活动三</p></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-left: 0.5em solid rgb(147, 195, 186);border-top: 1em solid rgb(147, 195, 186);border-right: 0.5em solid transparent !important;border-bottom: 1em solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;line-height: 2em;text-align: justify;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">快速建立社交网络——5分钟内听取您的利益相关方/并分享您的问题，共同设计解决方案</p></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">意图：</strong></span></p><ul class=" list-paddingleft-2" style="list-style-type: disc;"><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">破冰活动。与参加专家研讨会的利益相关方进行一对一会面。 听取并分享关注点，共同设计问题解决方案。</span></p></li></ul><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;">谁是参与者：</span></strong></p><ul class=" list-paddingleft-2" style="list-style-type: disc;"><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">通常仅限于公共部门/利益相关公共机构。</span></p></li><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">可以扩展到选择私营的利益相关机构，如NGO /开发商/商务团体。</span></p></li><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">发展中国家，市长和制定政治决策的利益相关方经常参与。</span></p></li></ul><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">形式：</strong></span></p><ul class=" list-paddingleft-2" style="list-style-type: disc;"><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">小组讨论<span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">的设置。利益相关方以一对一的方式参与这项活动。</span></p></li></ul><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;">理想的参与规模：</span></strong></p><ul class=" list-paddingleft-2" style="list-style-type: disc;"><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">最多50-75个利益相关者。超过这个规模，收集反馈和编写报告会消耗大量时间。</span></p></li></ul><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;">典型时间：</span></strong></p><ul class=" list-paddingleft-2" style="list-style-type: disc;"><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">45分钟。</span></p></li></ul><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;">描述：</span></strong></p><ul class=" list-paddingleft-2" style="list-style-type: disc;"><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">快速建立人脉网络是各个利益相关者之间的一项破冰活动，而不是每个利益相关者在讨论会开始时自我介绍。</span></p></li><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">此外，这也确保了专家研讨会由少数人主导，防止私下讨论。</span></p></li><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">这个定时游戏与速配约会形式非常相似，在七分钟内，利益相关者有机会与其他利益相关者/参与者会面，并交换有关他们是谁，他们做什么工作以及他们面临的关键问题（与项目有关）。这样做的目的还在于共同设计解决问题的方法。</span></p></li><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">七分钟后，铃声响起，表示新一轮的开始。 然后利益相关者移动座位并重新开始，共计六轮（45分钟）。</span></p></li></ul></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tiaib572S5DJOwRjvhoediazCibiaiaeYpGia50Lr2SeKDcbUIzKYsDKPasIUh3dg2BOBTiaeZwrtT5iajFps3A/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif" class="" data-ratio="0.7793240556660039" data-w="503"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图十一、在Cité Internationale Universitaire de Paris的快速建立人脉网络的游戏，图片来源： ? Copyleft. Reproduced under Creative Commons License BY-SA 3.0)</strong></em></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(147, 195, 186);height: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0px 0% 10px;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;height: 2em;padding: 0px 0.5em;line-height: 2em;background-color: rgb(147, 195, 186);text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">活动四</p></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-left: 0.5em solid rgb(147, 195, 186);border-top: 1em solid rgb(147, 195, 186);border-right: 0.5em solid transparent !important;border-bottom: 1em solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;line-height: 2em;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">问题和想法</p></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">意图：</strong></span></p><ul class=" list-paddingleft-2" style="list-style-type: disc;"><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">了解特定项目中，公众/利益相关者的价值观，关注点和愿望。</span></p></li></ul><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;">谁是参与者：</span></strong></p><ul class=" list-paddingleft-2" style="list-style-type: disc;"><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">向公众/公共部门/机构利益相关者开放。</span></p></li><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">发展中国家，市长和制定政治决策的利益相关者经常参与。</span></p></li></ul><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">形式：</strong></span></p><ul class=" list-paddingleft-2" style="list-style-type: disc;"><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">公众开放日。</span></p></li></ul><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;">理想的参与规模：</span></strong></p><ul class=" list-paddingleft-2" style="list-style-type: disc;"><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">向公众开放的活动引起广泛关注。一般来说，有100至150人参加这些活动。</span></p></li></ul><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;">典型时间：</span></strong></p><ul class=" list-paddingleft-2" style="list-style-type: disc;"><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">45分钟。</span></p></li></ul><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;">描述：</span></strong></p><ul class=" list-paddingleft-2" style="list-style-type: disc;"><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">公众/利益相关方在室内墙/板上使用便利贴。</span></p></li><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">公众/利益相关方使用任意数量的便利贴来确定多个问题和解决方案。</span></p></li><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">然后将其写入报告，以“我们听到的内容”为小标题，作为研讨会文档的一部分。</span></p></li><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">将重复出现的关键问题/想法带入项目设计中。</span></p></li></ul></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tiaib572S5DJOwRjvhoediazCibiaKbPS0nGNMXVaiaZ4lu4HlAWdBNeKT5ElDqcKu5lcwbswAywjs2DbcKQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="0.7962962962962963" data-w="378"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图十二、绿线TOD规划项目的思路和想法，加拿大卡尔加里，图片来源：IBI Group</strong></em></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(147, 195, 186);height: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0px 0% 10px;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;height: 2em;padding: 0px 0.5em;line-height: 2em;background-color: rgb(147, 195, 186);text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">活动五</p></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-left: 0.5em solid rgb(147, 195, 186);border-top: 1em solid rgb(147, 195, 186);border-right: 0.5em solid transparent !important;border-bottom: 1em solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;line-height: 2em;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">偏好板</p></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">意图：</strong></span></p><ul class=" list-paddingleft-2" style="list-style-type: disc;"><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">使用先案图像，对公交车站区域内不同备选方案的关键地块进行交互式的偏好选择。</span></p></li></ul><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;">谁是参与者：</span></strong></span></p><ul class=" list-paddingleft-2" style="list-style-type: disc;"><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">向公众/公共部门/公共机构等利益相关方开放。</span></p></li><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">发展中国家的市长和政策制定者的利益相关方经常性参与。</span></p></li></ul><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">形式：</strong></span></p><ul class=" list-paddingleft-2" style="list-style-type: disc;"><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">设置公众开放日。公众/利益相关者可在专家研讨会的休息时间/过渡时间参与此活动。</span></p></li></ul><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;">理想的参与规模：</span></strong></p><ul class=" list-paddingleft-2" style="list-style-type: disc;"><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">公众开放活动一般来说，有100至150人参加。</span></p></li></ul><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;">典型时间：</span></strong></span></p><ul class=" list-paddingleft-2" style="list-style-type: disc;"><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">30分钟。</span></p></li></ul><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;">描述：</span></strong></span></p><ul class=" list-paddingleft-2" style="list-style-type: disc;"><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">公众/利益相关方在板上使用红色（不喜欢）/绿色（高度偏好）/黄色（稍微偏好）的点状贴纸，按不同类别的先案图像中做偏好选择。</span></p></li><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">内容区分可以包括开放空间类型、街道家具、街道景观类型、建筑物外墙、停车解决方案类型等。</span></p></li><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">偏好度最高的先案图像为公交车站区概念/规划的设定主基调，并用来作为偏好案例图片来解释项目开发的初步设想。</span></p></li><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">将带有贴纸的白板，作为专家研讨会和小组讨论存档的一部分，记录“我们听到的讨论内容”，并作为项目的一部分写入报告。</span></p></li></ul><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;">其他建议</span></strong></p><ul class=" list-paddingleft-2" style="list-style-type: disc;"><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">当公众熟知和了解有关解决方案/项目/想法的基本概念时，该游戏就能在项目实施过程中发挥出良好的作用。</span></p></li><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">在研讨会之前，在客户的协助下预先选取先例图像。</span></p></li><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">游戏也可用于设定项目目标及优先级。</span></p></li></ul></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tiaib572S5DJOwRjvhoediazCibia7ytxOf2G2zGqkbMDRrlG8icvOfnYuzEdnkmenPs5wAmy7yIQo1pKJZg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="0.36186186186186187" data-w="666"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图十三、视觉偏好调查，Port Credit TOD研究，安大略省,图片来源：IBI Group</strong></em></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(147, 195, 186);height: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0px 0% 10px;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;height: 2em;padding: 0px 0.5em;line-height: 2em;background-color: rgb(147, 195, 186);text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">活动六</p></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-left: 0.5em solid rgb(147, 195, 186);border-top: 1em solid rgb(147, 195, 186);border-right: 0.5em solid transparent !important;border-bottom: 1em solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;line-height: 2em;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">TOD互动管理游戏</p></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">意图：</strong></span></p><ul class=" list-paddingleft-2" style="list-style-type: disc;"><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">使用乐高/泡沫板来开发公交站点，并贯彻以公共交通为导向开发原则。</span></p></li></ul><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;">谁是参与者：</span></strong></p><ul class=" list-paddingleft-2" style="list-style-type: disc;"><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">通常仅限于公共部门/公共机构利益相关方。</span></p></li><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">可以扩展到私营机构，如NGO/开发商/商业团体。</span></p></li><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">发展中国家的市长和政治制定者等利益相关方经常能参与。</span></p></li></ul><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">形式：</strong></span></p><ul class=" list-paddingleft-2" style="list-style-type: disc;"><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">小组讨论/专家研讨会。利益相关方以一对一的方式参与这项活动。</span></p></li></ul><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;">理想的参与规模：</span></strong></p><ul class=" list-paddingleft-2" style="list-style-type: disc;"><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">最多50-75个利益相关者。超过这个规模，收集反馈和编写报告会消耗大量时间。</span></p></li></ul><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;">典型时间：</span></strong></p><ul class=" list-paddingleft-2" style="list-style-type: disc;"><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">90分钟</span></p></li></ul><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;">描述：</span></strong></p><ul class=" list-paddingleft-2" style="list-style-type: disc;"><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">专家研讨会的一个潜在风险是，该过程由少数人主导，防止了一些弱势或者少数群体的声音。为了克服这种限制，每轮专家研讨会的进行都帮助减少这个风险。</span></p></li><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">管理游戏在基于同样的基础地图上，使用泡沫板代表土地利用方式，一方面可以避免个人掌控讨论，也可以避免只有会画画的人才能贡献想法。</span></p></li><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">利益相关者分为8-10个小组，确保每个桌子上都有所有设计原则，同时提供泡沫板和基础地图以及建筑单元。</span></p></li><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">最后由每个小组向其他组观众展示想法。</span></p></li><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">这些想法成为初步概念方案的基础，经过专业改进后将会在未来再次呈现给社区居民。</span></p></li></ul></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tiaib572S5DJOwRjvhoediazCibiakA2S2p2XUqLicPujFLsnsntJruCYl6K7bYTUeHLHQzaFN5YibJPJkuhg/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif" class="" data-ratio="0.5439252336448598" data-w="535"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: right;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tiaib572S5DJOwRjvhoediazCibiajjee7bawfZLx34gPEJ90hGHmIV8f5PBEdcuTEhvQh2ibwPelFqcicZ1A/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif" class="" data-ratio="0.916083916083916" data-w="143"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tiaib572S5DJOwRjvhoediazCibiapXEpmFV8zvibpvanHJOXpyyzic1lXHcGBSbrOpxZhWX5glGh9ID52tlQ/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif" class="" data-ratio="0.6582914572864321" data-w="199"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tiaib572S5DJOwRjvhoediazCibiaapoRzhqLLyYeSgS3kAQKJicvaY4LqI0vgS7r4CtkUf1YqsPV7k5DD2w/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif" class="" data-ratio="0.825" data-w="160"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图十四、针对绿线TOD规划项目的TOD互动棋盘游戏活动，加拿大卡尔加里，图片来源：IBI Group</strong></em></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(147, 195, 186);height: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0px 0% 10px;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;height: 2em;padding: 0px 0.5em;line-height: 2em;background-color: rgb(147, 195, 186);text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">其他活动</p></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-left: 0.5em solid rgb(147, 195, 186);border-top: 1em solid rgb(147, 195, 186);border-right: 0.5em solid transparent !important;border-bottom: 1em solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;line-height: 2em;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">乐高和基于乐高的交互式管理游戏</p></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">Lego套装是一套可以相互嵌套的塑料块，是世界各地儿童玩具的主要产品。它们非常小，灵活且非顺序，允许它们根据用户的需要表示特定的形状或形式。它们是鼓励创造性思维，自由形式表达和有逻辑地解决问题的有效工具。这些模块以鲜艳的原色为主，配有一系列功能特定的象征性模块（路灯，草坪等）和扩建部分。虽然它们主要用于帮助儿童搭建形状和形式（建成和自由形式），但它们也适用于通过Lego Mindstorms等产品线（用硬件和软件创建可编程单元）来培养创造力。规划者和建筑师也越来越多地寻求这种特点的产品。世界资源研究所EMBARQ墨西哥办公室开发了一种DOTS套件，结合其TOD手册，在能力建设中使用这些特质。更广泛地说，麻省理工学院（MIT）及其合作伙伴正在探索如何利用乐高积木创建一个众包规划平台。乐高积木可以引起各利益相关方的积极参与从而是规划过程从中收益。积木是象征性的，并且可能不提供按比例构建的代表性模型。然而，视觉化空间（建筑物或社区）可能会引发利益相关者之间的对话。在参与式规划活动中，这种参与结果是预期的。由于乐高积木很小且适应性强，它们允许很多人同时使用它们。这个特点使它们对参与式规划活动的设计者有用。它们还允许规划人员能立即在真实空间中测试他们的想法，并衡量利益相关者对这些想法的反应。这种简单的场景可视化工具可用于模拟与创建TOD社区的若干方面有关的设计问题，例如关于行人或商人的街道构成、公交节点周围的建筑区域、公交节点以及其他服务的可达性，或社区的使用模式。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tiaib572S5DJOwRjvhoediazCibiaqBowicjsHI0qDByr8YqqEBPSGumAkqLPuVLyy6pZV4dGZicMwbLZ1XiaQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="0.6970338983050848" data-w="472"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图十五、基于乐高的工作坊 – 对城市的设想，图片来源：? Lamiot. Reproduced under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license BY 4.0)</strong></em></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(147, 195, 186);height: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0px 0% 10px;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;height: 2em;padding: 0px 0.5em;line-height: 2em;background-color: rgb(147, 195, 186);text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">其他活动</p></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-left: 0.5em solid rgb(147, 195, 186);border-top: 1em solid rgb(147, 195, 186);border-right: 0.5em solid transparent !important;border-bottom: 1em solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;line-height: 2em;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">虚拟游戏</p></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">虚拟技术越来越多地应用于传统和终身学习环境中。使用虚拟游戏可以让参与者在不同情况下探索新的想法和解决方案。这些基于视频的城市规划游戏可以是广泛性的，例如SimCity——被认为是该领域的第一个视频游戏——或探索特定方面，例如林肯研究所的探索密度（Exploring Density）。本节收集了其中一些游戏，并探讨了如何将它们用于能力建设和探索TOD概念的应用。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">1.麻省城市范围（MIT CITY SCOPE）</strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">http://cp.media.mit.edu/city-simulation </strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;"></span>MIT City Scope将其工作范围定义为开发“......增强现实决策支持系统（ARDSS），促进非专业利益相关者在复杂的城市环境中的协作。”他们已经能够创建一系列决策工具，用于模拟、原型和抽象实时数据、空间数据和用户反馈，为多备选情景设计问题提供可观察的结果。他们使用数据可视化、分析和场景构建的组合，来告知利益相关者他们的具体决策可能产生的后果。可以在下面找到这种模拟模型的决策潜力的示例。这种练习的更大目标是使规划过程不那么“技术专家化”，并引入参与和“共同创造”的元素。MIT的研究人员与巴尔基金会（Barr Foundation）合作，用乐高积木创建了Dudley Square的模型复制品，Dudley Square是大波士顿地区的一个社区。这些模块被用来建造社区的物理组成部分，同时也代表其居民。它旨在了解在该地区引入快速公交（BRT）服务的影响。此外还有乐高建造的波士顿街道三维模型，和一个触摸屏界面，用来展示利益相关者做出的具体规划决策可能产生的影响。这些模拟以展览的形式向公众开放。触摸屏界面提供各种参数，例如访问公交线路、提供成本、就业岗位的可达性、和公共交通模式。这些参数是从公开数据中收集的。通过更改特定参数，任何用户都可以理解这些决策如何影响他们在特定位置的特定通勤路线和习惯。它们还可以影响服务的质量，通过代表公交站的乐高模块并表述服务水平的方式；还可以观察服务的成本和质量带来的影响。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;">2.城市游戏（CITY GAME）</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(46, 101, 91);box-sizing: border-box;">http://fieldsofview.in/projects/cg </span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">在不容易获得数据的规划环境中，很难使用模拟模型来发起有关更广泛的规划政策或其结果的对话。在这种情况下，设计一种方法来模拟所考虑要素的近似场景是至关重要的。这个城市游戏最初由特拉维夫大学（Tel Aviv University）的Juval Portugali博士开发，后来在班加罗尔的下一代基础设施实验室（the Next Generation Infrastructure Laboratory）进行了改编。它旨在探索城市形态，并收集个人或社区的人们对设计决策的反应和对城市发展方向的偏好。这个活跃的游戏要求其参与者轮流为城市提供服务/创造舒适环境，通常依据其他玩家决定的反应。这个游戏虽然简单而且没有复杂的分析能力，但引入了交互性和动态增长的元素，这种元素在参与性规划方法的正统方法中经常被忽略。游戏为团队提供了不同的框架，以创建他们偏好的发展现实。该游戏还适用于政策和发展规则的引入，并帮助组织者观察和比较这些政策对不同发展模式的影响。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">同样，有很多游戏可以帮助利益相关者可视化并权衡TOD的不同元素。这里推荐以下游戏：</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(142, 201, 101);box-sizing: border-box;">URBAN LAND INSTITUTE’S URBAN PLAN BUILDING BLOCKS: A DENSITY GAME</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">Source:http://www.lincolninst.edu/subcenters/visualizing-density/blockgame/index.Aspx</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(142, 201, 101);box-sizing: border-box;">EXTREME EVENT GAME</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">Source:https://toolkit.climate.gov/tool/extreme-event-game</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(142, 201, 101);box-sizing: border-box;">WHAT IS ZONING?</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">Source:http://welcometocup.org/Store?product_id=62</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(142, 201, 101);box-sizing: border-box;">CITIES IN MOTION</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">Source: http://www.citiesinmotion.com/</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(142, 201, 101);box-sizing: border-box;">SIM CITY 4</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">Source:https://toolkit.climate.gov/tool/extreme-event-game</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(142, 201, 101);box-sizing: border-box;">CARDS AGAINST URBANITY</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">Source:https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B8xJW6TNI4DySzlqeDFaZlcwUXM/view?pli=1</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(142, 201, 101);box-sizing: border-box;">WHAT IS AFFORDABLE HOUSING?</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">Source:http://welcometocup.org/Store?product_id=20</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(142, 201, 101);box-sizing: border-box;">MINI METRO</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">Source: http://dinopoloclub.com/minimetro/</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;margin: 0px 0% -22px;transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 70px;height: 50px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.6688103" data-w="311" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/39u6IialNosA4dBAL2avhgibVh84MUlCiauUcCJ8gxte45eo829ppplB5E5BeDWGZu676OMZZvxvfx2fG7Jqo0tMA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 100px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);overflow: hidden;background-image: linear-gradient(45deg, rgb(33, 91, 233) 0%, rgb(129, 231, 253) 100%);padding: 0px 20px 0px 35px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 9px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 3px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-shadow: rgb(0, 126, 173) 1.28558px 1.53209px 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">EN-C01：如何设立机构以及如何促进政府间的协作</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(86, 87, 87);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 2;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">TOD的成功完全取决于所涉及的机构创造变革的能力。为了使这些机构能够实现TOD目标，必须考虑定义一个完整的框架，以支持其工作并实现更好的协调和更有效的TOD干预。从机构的角度以及它们如何协同工作以获得更好的结果出发，该工具将有助于确定赋能框架的关键要求。TOD走廊课程（WB / WRI 2015）和Transforming Cities with Transit ——世界银行出版物(Suzuki, Cervero and Iuchi 2013)构成了确定本工具书中包括的关键赋能因素的基础：</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="tn-yzk-fuid-text-30930-1550656258029" style="transform: rotate(0.1deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(0.1deg);-moz-transform: rotate(0.1deg);-o-transform: rotate(0.1deg);margin-right: -0.2em;margin-top: 0.03em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;color: rgb(238, 173, 114);font-size: 64px;line-height: 0.6;font-weight: 700;max-width: 20% !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1</p></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;padding: 10px 10px 10px 20px;width: 90%;background-color: rgb(255, 243, 224);box-shadow: rgb(238, 173, 114) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="tn-yzk-fuid-text-16880-1550656457333" style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(238, 173, 114);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;">影响领导者</span></strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">包括市长、官僚、民选官员或有重要影响的人。作为城市领导人，他们的参与在启用和执行阶段是最重要的，并可从交流、监测和评价工具中获益。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="tn-yzk-fuid-text-30930-1550656258029" style="transform: rotate(0.1deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(0.1deg);-moz-transform: rotate(0.1deg);-o-transform: rotate(0.1deg);margin-right: -0.2em;margin-top: 0.03em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;color: rgb(238, 173, 114);font-size: 64px;line-height: 0.6;font-weight: 700;max-width: 20% !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2</p></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;padding: 10px 10px 10px 20px;width: 90%;background-color: rgb(255, 243, 224);box-shadow: rgb(238, 173, 114) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="tn-yzk-fuid-text-16880-1550656457333" style="text-align: justify;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(238, 173, 114);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">建立高效的TOD组织</strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">这可以在城市尺度或公交站区尺度中实现。具有明确定义的结构的组织会允许各部门和公众更好地协调和支持TOD目标。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="tn-yzk-fuid-text-30930-1550656258029" style="transform: rotate(0.1deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(0.1deg);-moz-transform: rotate(0.1deg);-o-transform: rotate(0.1deg);margin-right: -0.2em;margin-top: 0.03em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;color: rgb(238, 173, 114);font-size: 64px;line-height: 0.6;font-weight: 700;max-width: 20% !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">3</p></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;padding: 10px 10px 10px 20px;width: 90%;background-color: rgb(255, 243, 224);box-shadow: rgb(238, 173, 114) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="tn-yzk-fuid-text-16880-1550656457333" style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(238, 173, 114);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">跨越规模调整愿景 </strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">这需要确保一个尺度下的TOD规划不受其他尺度政策壁垒的阻碍。规划过程必须允许任何尺度的TOD规划。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;margin: 0px 0% -22px;transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 70px;height: 50px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.6688103" data-w="311" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/39u6IialNosA4dBAL2avhgibVh84MUlCiauUcCJ8gxte45eo829ppplB5E5BeDWGZu676OMZZvxvfx2fG7Jqo0tMA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 100px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);overflow: hidden;background-image: linear-gradient(45deg, rgb(33, 91, 233) 0%, rgb(129, 231, 253) 100%);padding: 0px 20px 0px 35px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 9px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 3px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-shadow: rgb(0, 126, 173) 1.28558px 1.53209px 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">通过EN-H01工具，以TOD的优势影响领导者</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">成功的TOD在很大程度上依赖于城市的政治资本或管辖区的领导力。无论一个城市内的领导结构类型如何，现在很明显，一个对TOD优势了解且坚定的领导者可以推动TOD的概念，以改善公民的日常生活和经历，同时也建立环境弹性。对于TOD规划者而言，建立有利环境的第一步是让领导者相信TOD可以为公民，环境和公共部门的财务带来的好处。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">最终，TOD可以进行背景化，以更多地关注城市的特定需求。例如，对于一个有洪水问题的城市，TOD的好处可能更多地集中在通过密度和交通投资的战略分配来创造气候适应力，以便在洪水肆虐期间使尽可能少的人处于危险之中。首先，这里根据改编自TOD指导文件（MOUD，India 2016）列出了一些TOD规划模式的好处。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section></section></section><section style="height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="min-height: 40px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;margin: 0px auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><table style="border-collapse: collapse;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%"><tbody style="box-sizing: border-box;"><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);border-radius: 0px;border-style: none;padding: 0px 0px 0px 8px;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;" width="10.0000%"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 6px 0%;font-size: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;border-width: 2px;border-style: dotted;border-color: rgba(248, 248, 248, 0);width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;border-radius: 0.3em;background-color: rgb(238, 173, 114);font-size: 12px;line-height: 1.5em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1</p></section></section></section></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);border-radius: 0px;border-style: none;padding: 0px 8px;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;" width="0.0000%"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;padding: 0px 5px;font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(238, 173, 114);box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(238, 173, 114);box-sizing: border-box;">社会效益<strong style="color: rgb(238, 173, 114);letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">：</strong></span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: rgb(237, 194, 113);box-sizing: border-box;">?  <strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">增加人</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">们的出行选择</strong>：</span>通过公共交通连接紧凑、可步行的社区。TOD为有迫切需求的人群提供出行方式，其中包括年轻人，老年人，穷人以及不拥有汽车或不想使用汽车的人群;</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: rgb(237, 194, 113);box-sizing: border-box;">?  <strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">改善经济可及性</strong>：</span>通过TOD扩大公共交通系统的覆盖范围将使更多人能够获得以前无法获取的经济机遇;</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: rgb(237, 194, 113);box-sizing: border-box;">?  增加可支配家庭收入：</span></strong>TOD可以通过减少对一辆或多辆汽车的需求并降低通勤成本来有效增加可支配收入;</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: rgb(237, 194, 113);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">  增加健康指数：</strong></span>TOD通过方便步行和提供支持步行和骑自行车的基础设施来促进健康的生活方式;</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: rgb(237, 194, 113);box-sizing: border-box;">   <strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">提高公共安全和保障：</strong></span>TOD鼓励在混合用地环境中进行“24小时”全天候活动，并提供“街道之眼”，增强一个地区的整体安全感;</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: rgb(237, 194, 113);box-sizing: border-box;">? <strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 增加人们的住房选择：</strong></span>在TOD内鼓励高质量的多样化住房产品（混合式居住，个人购买住房，租赁和劳动力住房）是一个重要目标。 TOD可以通过向私营部门提供激励措施来促进经济适用房的供应，例如在公交服务区范围内提供密度奖励和地点高效率贷款，以换取较低成本的住房产品。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);border-radius: 0px;border-style: none;padding: 0px 0px 0px 8px;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;" width="10.0000%"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 6px 0%;font-size: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;border-width: 2px;border-style: dotted;border-color: rgba(248, 248, 248, 0);width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;border-radius: 0.3em;background-color: rgb(238, 173, 114);font-size: 12px;line-height: 1.5em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2</p></section></section></section></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);border-radius: 0px;border-style: none;padding: 0px 8px;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;" width="0.0000%"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;padding: 0px 5px;font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(238, 173, 114);box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(238, 173, 114);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">经济和财政福利<strong style="color: rgb(238, 173, 114);letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">：</strong></strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: rgb(237, 194, 113);box-sizing: border-box;">?  提高经济效率：</span></strong>基于TOD原则开发的城市可以增强人与企业之间的互动，从而带来集聚效益。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: rgb(237, 194, 113);box-sizing: border-box;">?  增加土地价值和财产税收入：</span></strong>如果公共交通系统具有良好的区域连通性和服务频率，将会带来周边房产大幅升值的好处；</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: rgb(237, 194, 113);box-sizing: border-box;">?  增加公交乘客量：</span></strong>当更多人居住在靠近公共交通站点并提供混合用途设施的情况下，可以提高服务频率，提高乘客人数（包括吸引可能会选择驾驶的新乘客），从而使公交车更具竞争力;</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: rgb(237, 194, 113);box-sizing: border-box;">?  增加公共交通交叉补贴：</span></strong>把公共交通附近的地块货币化，如房地产开发、零售租赁或付费停车等收入活动场所，可以为公共交通运营商创造额外的收入来源;</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: rgb(237, 194, 113);box-sizing: border-box;">?  降低道路基础设施成本：</span></strong>TOD可以有效减少对天桥和快速路等主要道路项目的需求，这些道路每</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">公里使用人数较低，但建设和维护成本非常高;</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: rgb(237, 194, 113);box-sizing: border-box;">?  降低市政基础设施的成本：</span></strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">TOD可以通过限制需要维护的扩张程度，帮助减少对地方政府和业主的新基础设施成本（如水，卫生，下水道和道路）的需求。尽管在资源受限的地区支持额外密度可能需要进行初始基础设施改进，但在较高密度区域利用分散式基础设施服务将导致基础设施长期的自给自足。</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);border-radius: 0px;border-style: none;padding: 0px 0px 0px 8px;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;" width="10.0000%"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 6px 0%;font-size: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;border-width: 2px;border-style: dotted;border-color: rgba(248, 248, 248, 0);width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;border-radius: 0.3em;background-color: rgb(238, 173, 114);font-size: 12px;line-height: 1.5em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">3</p></section></section></section></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);border-radius: 0px;border-style: none;padding: 0px 8px;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;" width="0.0000%"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;padding: 0px 5px;font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(238, 173, 114);box-sizing: border-box;"></span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(238, 173, 114);box-sizing: border-box;">环境效益：</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: rgb(237, 194, 113);box-sizing: border-box;">?  保护资源土地和减少城市扩张：</span></strong>在城市再开发场地提供更紧凑的增长模式，以保护农业和自然土地，否则这些土地将被快速的发展消耗;</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: rgb(237, 194, 113);box-sizing: border-box;">?  气候弹性：</span></strong>紧凑的发展模式将使城市能够避免在气候影响地区进行发展，并使城市能够集中精力在较小区域内采取减缓气候变化的措施;</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: rgb(237, 194, 113);box-sizing: border-box;"></span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: rgb(237, 194, 113);box-sizing: border-box;">   减少车辆行驶公里数（VKT）：</span></strong>节省旅行时间和单位车辆运营和维护成本;</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: rgb(237, 194, 113);box-sizing: border-box;">?  空间效率：</span></strong>相对于携带相同人数的大量小型汽车，公共交通所需的土地较少;</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: rgb(237, 194, 113);box-sizing: border-box;">?   能源效率：</span></strong>假设在正常的公交车载客能力下，公交运输一个人所需的能耗比汽车要少;</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: rgb(237, 194, 113);box-sizing: border-box;">?   更好的空气质量：</span></strong>由于公交乘客所需的能源较少，基于化石燃料的公交车辆排放的烟雾较少，引起气候变化的污染物量较少，从而降低了空气污染率。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></td></tr></tbody></table></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;margin: 0px 0% -22px;transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 70px;height: 50px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.6688103" data-w="311" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/39u6IialNosA4dBAL2avhgibVh84MUlCiauUcCJ8gxte45eo829ppplB5E5BeDWGZu676OMZZvxvfx2fG7Jqo0tMA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 100px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);overflow: hidden;background-image: linear-gradient(45deg, rgb(33, 91, 233) 0%, rgb(129, 231, 253) 100%);padding: 0px 20px 0px 35px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 9px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 3px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-shadow: rgb(0, 126, 173) 1.28558px 1.53209px 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">何利用EN-H01工具，构建一个TOD组织</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">决定承担大型TOD项目的城市应通过法律或其他适当的官方决定，设立一个特殊机构（特别工作组，委员会或机构），并从一开始就与TOD计划有着深厚的联系。该组织必须对公众负责，并以高透明度和明确的使命进行运作。该组织将促进规划研究，设计总体规划和法规的发展，监督系统的实施和持续调整的系统，并与规划指南和来自不同级别政府和私营部门的专业人员协调。至关重要的是，该机构存在于政治领域之外，以确保长期所有权，管理和独到的视角。为了进一步确保合法性，组织预算的部分来源应当来自于从TOD项目的收入。这促使人们不断致力于创造和保持系统的有效性。TOD收入来源中的融资机制也将确保其免受由于政治变动带来的预算问题的影响，并保护政府免受进一步的经济压力。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(238, 173, 114);box-sizing: border-box;">目的</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;">确定TOD组织明确的角色和责任，以便以有条理的方式促进合作关系和协调实施活动。该工具提供了逐步指导，用于识别个人和组织层面的项目牵头人，其中最好是城市工作人员，非政府组织或当地倡导团体的代表，因为他们参与整个规划过程。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.1358025" data-w="891" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9TiaicIokKPsB5JJT6zic57eoO4ruEzkqNU2icokoiarITKwibWicW8F7ARiaLUw7V1s5slcIJslEiboxOw8AO3Q/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.1122112" data-w="909" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9TiaicIokKPsB5JJT6zic57eoO4rud6WxA0opg0JT4kUjXUAGsBUSCU2cPZpO6ichZdnWzBvziadQVI82uIA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;margin: 0px 0% -22px;transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 70px;height: 50px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.6688103" data-w="311" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/39u6IialNosA4dBAL2avhgibVh84MUlCiauUcCJ8gxte45eo829ppplB5E5BeDWGZu676OMZZvxvfx2fG7Jqo0tMA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 100px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);overflow: hidden;background-image: linear-gradient(45deg, rgb(33, 91, 233) 0%, rgb(129, 231, 253) 100%);padding: 0px 20px 0px 35px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 9px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 3px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-shadow: rgb(0, 126, 173) 1.28558px 1.53209px 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">如何利用EN-H01工具， 确立TOD愿景</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">强有力的长期愿景必须允许灵活地适应短期目标，而不会影响长期转型的价值。随着全球城市不断发展并遇到新的挑战，他们面临着在联邦或州政府设定的法律和政策框架内解决当地问题的挑战。TOD是世界上许多地方的一个新的创新概念，它挑战了70年代初期和80年代期间固化的汽车导向城市的传统规划模式。要使TOD支持的环境成为可能，必须确定并针对那些阻碍TOD成功的大方向上的法律和政策障碍。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">应该解决的一些典型法律和政策障碍包括：</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-radius: 0.5em 0.5em 0px 0px;background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;padding: 5px 10px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">鼓励拥有汽车的政策</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="border-radius: 0px 0px 0.5em 0.5em;border-right: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209);border-left: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209);border-top: none rgb(192, 200, 209);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 5px 10px;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(86, 87, 87);line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">对于像美国这样的高收入国家的国家，对印度这样的低收入国家来说都是如此。汽车制造和销售是一个巨大的产业，许多国家为了国家利益而激励汽车销售。燃料也得到补贴，因此汽车拥有者更愿意开车而不是乘坐公共交通。在国家层面，需要游说以更多地宣传私营汽车和不可再生燃料的不良影响，而地方层面游说活动必须旨在促进这种宣传活动。 虽然这是一个长期的过程，但伦敦和新加坡等许多城市都会征收拥堵费，以阻止高密度城市地区的汽车使用。</p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-radius: 0.5em 0.5em 0px 0px;background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;padding: 5px 10px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">停车被视为免费权利</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="border-radius: 0px 0px 0.5em 0.5em;border-right: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209);border-left: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209);border-top: none rgb(192, 200, 209);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 5px 10px;font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;color: rgb(86, 87, 87);letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">许多国家的停车被视为基本权利，并受到法律的支持。在这样的城市，禁止停车或收取停车费用会产生公共冲突。反过来，这使得TOD项目很难获得公众支持。因此，停车禁令必须采用内容敏感和分阶段的方式处理，以保证公众对TOD目标的兴趣。</p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-radius: 0.5em 0.5em 0px 0px;background-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;padding: 5px 10px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">土地所有权和开发权是绝对的</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="border-radius: 0px 0px 0.5em 0.5em;border-right: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209);border-left: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209);border-top: none rgb(192, 200, 209);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 5px 10px;font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;color: rgb(86, 87, 87);letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在巴西，印度，墨西哥等国家，土地所有权和开发权是绝对的。这使得公共机构很难获得土地进行公共交通建设或TOD投资。因此需要在法律背景下考虑这些权利，以寻找实施TOD的方法。</p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-radius: 0.5em 0.5em 0px 0px;background-color: rgb(133, 221, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;padding: 5px 10px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">公共交通不被视为公共服务</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="border-radius: 0px 0px 0.5em 0.5em;border-right: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209);border-left: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209);border-top: none rgb(192, 200, 209);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 5px 10px;font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;color: rgb(86, 87, 87);letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在许多城市，燃料和通行费的高成本以及公共补贴的缺失，使得维持公共交通的运营变得非常困难。有必要告知领导人关于补贴公共交通所带来的社会和经济利益。</p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-radius: 0.5em 0.5em 0px 0px;background-color: rgb(255, 115, 115);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;padding: 5px 10px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">联邦和州一级的城市规划标准促进了单一用地城市蔓延的规划公约</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="border-radius: 0px 0px 0.5em 0.5em;border-right: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209);border-left: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209);border-top: none rgb(192, 200, 209);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 5px 10px;font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;color: rgb(86, 87, 87);letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">许多地区，州或联邦规划指南在最小道路宽度和区块尺寸方面促进了城市蔓延的扩张，这阻碍了紧凑型开发模式。需要改进标准以允许高密度，紧凑的开发模式。</p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-radius: 0.5em 0.5em 0px 0px;background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;padding: 5px 10px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">租金管制或土地上限法案</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="border-radius: 0px 0px 0.5em 0.5em;border-right: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209);border-left: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209);border-top: none rgb(192, 200, 209);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 5px 10px;font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">如果不根据城市特定情况定期修订此类行为，则会不公平地影响房地产市场，引起大量投机行为和导致难以负担的房地产市场。由于租金控制措施，香港和孟买等许多高密度城市无法在市场机会下对房地产进行杠杆操作。</p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-radius: 0.5em 0.5em 0px 0px;background-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;padding: 5px 10px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">规划法案不灵活</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="border-radius: 0px 0px 0.5em 0.5em;border-right: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209);border-left: 1px solid rgb(192, 200, 209);border-top: none rgb(192, 200, 209);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 5px 10px;font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">这是许多城市面临的最大挑战之一。法定规划所遵循的程序必须遵守相关法规，在许多情况下，这些法规不允许采用综合的土地使用和交通规划的方式。这阻碍了用地规划师和公共交通规划师共同工作的可能性，并阻碍了TOD的综合效益。</p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">下文中的新加坡规划模型示例，说明了一个结构合理的规划框架，该框架允许不同规划部门之间的协作，并允许长期和短期目标之间保持灵活性。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><ul class=" list-paddingleft-2" style="list-style-type: disc;"><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(12, 93, 82);box-sizing: border-box;">概念规划是一项战略性的土地使用和交通规划，指导新加坡未来40-50年的发展。概念规划每十年审阅更新一次，其大致描绘概括为保持城市物理承载力作为高质量生活品质的战略性策略。</span></p></li><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(12, 93, 82);box-sizing: border-box;">总体规划是一项法定规划，具体指导未来10至15年的开发。它通过具体化可允许的土地用途和开发密度，将概念规划的总体、长期战略，转化为详细的实施规划。它每五年审阅更新一次。总体规划愿景的实现路线图，一般包含六项关键重点：住房、交通、经济、文娱休闲、城市身份和公共空间。新加坡陆路交通管理局负责更新道路交通总体规划，该规划与城市用地总体规划需协调一致。</span></p></li><li><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(12, 93, 82);box-sizing: border-box;">国家发展用地的发布是通过政府土地销售（GLS）计划进行的，该计划发布国有土地让私人开发商用于开发。为促进及时开发新的特定大型区域，城市更新管理局（URA）还与其他政府机构合作，确保提供基本的基础设施和公用设施。</span></p></li></ul></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tiaib572S5DJOwRjvhoediazCibianyBW4ErW81zNbMkoQQ1Ria04t1gl45qV7rja1VcjoRNFpHJMKYMHxQg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" class="" data-ratio="0.7129629629629629" data-w="1080"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(86, 87, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;padding-left: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 100%;margin-bottom: 0.2em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(158, 192, 199);width: 90%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 8px;margin-top: -4px;margin-right: -4px;border-radius: 100%;background-color: rgb(158, 192, 199);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="text-align: right;margin-top: -1.5em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2em;height: 2em;line-height: 2em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-radius: 100%;background-color: rgb(158, 192, 199);text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">未</section></section><section style="width: 2em;height: 2em;line-height: 2em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-radius: 100%;background-color: rgb(158, 192, 199);text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">完</section></section><section style="width: 2em;height: 2em;line-height: 2em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-radius: 100%;background-color: rgb(158, 192, 199);text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">待</section></section><section style="width: 2em;height: 2em;line-height: 2em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-radius: 100%;background-color: rgb(158, 192, 199);text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">续</section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 40%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(125, 146, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: -40px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 60%;vertical-align: top;border-top: 5px solid rgb(237, 194, 113);border-top-left-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;height: 1px;"></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-color: rgb(181, 190, 143);border-style: none;border-width: 1px;background-color: rgb(125, 146, 160);border-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: -30px 0% 10px;transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);opacity: 0.77;text-align: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 42px;color: rgba(230, 236, 239, 0.7);letter-spacing: 7px;line-height: 1.5;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: justify;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一览众山小<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 90%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 33.33%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 95%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tiaib6UPO6cGs81mNicYM9SMGT31I6GQPkMOfvSgy7dFWIRhUkYaHx83O5dTD55wLO448arCZibOu7dtyQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" class="" data-ratio="1.2911392405063291" data-w="711"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 33.33%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 85%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="" data-copyright="0" data-cropselx1="0" data-cropselx2="142" data-cropsely1="0" data-cropsely2="182" data-ratio="1.4759309718437783" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tiaib6UPO6cGs81mNicYM9SMGT3AHoKsGrWGYJa6uXb06yPgElCiblrv9icmia0FhgKaWoc0KPJzk2aYoDaA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1101" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 142px;box-sizing: border-box;height: 210px;"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 33.33%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 95%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tiaib6UPO6cGs81mNicYM9SMGT31I6GQPkMOfvSgy7dFWIRhUkYaHx83O5dTD55wLO448arCZibOu7dtyQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" class="" data-ratio="1.2911392405063291" data-w="711"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="transform: rotateZ(180deg);-webkit-transform: rotateZ(180deg);-moz-transform: rotateZ(180deg);-o-transform: rotateZ(180deg);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0% -30px;transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px) rotateX(180deg);-webkit-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px) rotateX(180deg);-moz-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px) rotateX(180deg);-o-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px) rotateX(180deg);opacity: 0.77;text-align: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section 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data-ratio="0.9185185185185185" data-w="1080"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="tn-yzk-fuid-text-35483-1534493050647" style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(178, 178, 178);box-sizing: border-box;">微博：</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;color: rgb(178, 178, 178);font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">https://weibo.com/</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(178, 178, 178);box-sizing: border-box;">2014-2019 ? 转载请注明：</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(178, 178, 178);box-sizing: border-box;">转载自公众号“”</span></p></section></section></section></section>
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