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<section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 100%;width: 24px;float: left;border-top-width: 6px;border-top-style: solid;border-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);border-left-width: 6px;border-left-style: solid;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="height: 100%;width: 24px;float: right;border-top-width: 6px;border-top-style: solid;border-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);border-right-width: 6px;border-right-style: solid;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;color: transparent;clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="border: 1px solid rgb(95, 156, 239);border-radius: 6px;word-wrap: break-word;box-sizing: border-box;margin: -13px 3px;padding: 12px;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: justify;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">【北京·国际城市观察站】是由北京市城市规划设计研究院规划研究室为主建立的研究小组，旨在追踪世界前沿、推广国际经验，深入比较北京和其他国际大城市规划实践，为规划师和各级政府部门服务，关注领域涵盖城市规划所关注的所有方面。我们致力于：第一手资料+第一时间推送+第一流的分析总结。期待与国内外同行建立广泛的合作关系。</p></section></section></section></section><section style="height: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 100%;width: 24px;float: left;border-bottom-width: 6px;border-bottom-style: solid;border-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);border-left-width: 6px;border-left-style: solid;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="height: 100%;width: 24px;float: right;border-bottom-width: 6px;border-bottom-style: solid;border-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);border-right-width: 6px;border-right-style: solid;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 95%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(189, 189, 189) 0px 0px 5px;padding: 10px;border: 0px none rgb(62, 62, 62);border-radius: 6px;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(255, 243, 224);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 10%;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-radius: 100%;border: 0px none rgb(62, 62, 62);box-shadow: rgb(189, 189, 189) 2.89778px 0.776457px 5px inset;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 80%;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(254, 219, 168);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;border-left-width: 5px;border-left-style: solid;border-left-color: rgb(255, 243, 224);border-top-width: 3px;border-top-style: solid;border-top-color: transparent;border-bottom-width: 3px;border-bottom-style: solid;border-bottom-color: transparent;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-top-width: 1px;border-top-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 243, 224);border-bottom-width: 1px;border-bottom-style: solid;margin-left: -5px;margin-right: -5px;padding-left: 10px;padding-right: 10px;color: rgb(97, 97, 97);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-shadow: rgb(255, 167, 38) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">摘要</span></p></section><section style="width: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;border-right-width: 5px;border-right-style: solid;border-right-color: rgb(255, 243, 224);border-top-width: 3px;border-top-style: solid;border-top-color: transparent;border-bottom-width: 3px;border-bottom-style: solid;border-bottom-color: transparent;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 10%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-radius: 100%;border: 0px none rgb(62, 62, 62);box-shadow: rgb(189, 189, 189) -2.86891px 0.877115px 5px inset;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="tn-yzk-fuid-text-55314-1550568329147" style="text-align: justify;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">泰特现代美术馆自2000年开放以来，这个由上世纪五十年代建造的“河畔电站”改造而来的现代美术馆已逐渐成为伦敦南岸乃至整个欧洲最为引人注目的公共艺术空间之一，并有效带动了周边地区的蓬勃发展。不可否认，泰特现代美术馆兼具优良的城市区位、精湛的建筑技艺、美妙的布展内容和独到的运营模式，因而过往的国内外相关研究和评价大多聚焦于以上主题。而作为伦敦南岸地区城市活力再生演进的重要节点和标志，泰特现代美术馆及其周边地区亦是城市工业遗产适应性再生的绝佳案例。本文从工业遗产适应性再生视角出发，通过对泰特现代美术馆及其影响范围的再生演进过程进行分析和解读，总结归纳其在改造方面取得成功的关键因素和要点，以期对国内类似地区的遗产再生与城市更新提供参考。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 10%;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-radius: 100%;border: 0px none rgb(62, 62, 62);box-shadow: rgb(189, 189, 189) 2.89778px 0.776457px 5px inset;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 80%;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(254, 219, 168);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;border-left-width: 5px;border-left-style: solid;border-left-color: rgb(255, 243, 224);border-top-width: 3px;border-top-style: solid;border-top-color: transparent;border-bottom-width: 3px;border-bottom-style: solid;border-bottom-color: transparent;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-top-width: 1px;border-top-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 243, 224);border-bottom-width: 1px;border-bottom-style: solid;margin-left: -5px;margin-right: -5px;padding-left: 10px;padding-right: 10px;color: rgb(97, 97, 97);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-shadow: rgb(255, 167, 38) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">关键词</span></p></section><section style="width: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;border-right-width: 5px;border-right-style: solid;border-right-color: rgb(255, 243, 224);border-top-width: 3px;border-top-style: solid;border-top-color: transparent;border-bottom-width: 3px;border-bottom-style: solid;border-bottom-color: transparent;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 10%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-radius: 100%;border: 0px none rgb(62, 62, 62);box-shadow: rgb(189, 189, 189) -2.86891px 0.877115px 5px inset;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="tn-yzk-fuid-text-51960-1550567341389" style="text-align: justify;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">泰特现代 工业遗产 南岸 再生 公共空间 城市设计</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-left-color: rgb(160, 160, 160);border-right-color: rgb(160, 160, 160);border-style: solid;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px;padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">作者：</em></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">丁文越 武汉市规划研究院 伦敦大学学院（UCL）访问学者</em></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">朱婷文 武汉市规划研究院 伦敦大学学院（UCL）访问学者</em></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-bottom: 1.2em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;line-height: 1em;height: 1em;margin-top: -0.5em;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;font-size: 80px;line-height: 1em;color: rgb(192, 200, 209);box-sizing: border-box;">“</span><section style="width: 4em;border-bottom-width: 1px;border-bottom-style: solid;border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 200, 209);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;margin-top: 1.6em;margin-left: -0.6em;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="margin-top: -0.5em;padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: justify;clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></strong></p><p style="text-align: justify;clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">“我们必须认识到：这些巨大的工业建筑不应再是我们城镇景观中令人不快的部分，而是工作的象征、城市的丰碑，是每个公民都应给予同等骄傲并自豪地向外来者展示的公共建筑。”</strong></span></p><p style="text-align: right;clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;">—— 弗里茨·舒普（Fritz Schupp，1896-1974）</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;height: 1em;float: right;line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 4em;border-bottom-width: 1px;border-bottom-style: solid;border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 200, 209);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><span style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;font-size: 80px;margin-top: -0.11em;margin-left: -0.1em;color: rgb(192, 200, 209);box-sizing: border-box;">”</span></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">泰特现代美术馆（Tate Modern）坐落于伦敦市中心的泰晤士河南岸，东侧毗邻莎士比亚环球剧院（Shakespeare's Globe），西望南岸中心（Southbank Centre），与圣保罗大教堂（St. Paul's Cathedral）隔泰晤士河遥遥相对（图1）。其前身是服役于20世纪50-80年代,用作伦敦大都会地区（Metropolitan Area）主要电力供应的河畔电站（Bankside Power Station）。20世纪末，这座古老的发电厂在一系列因素的合力推动下，历经5年改造为美术馆，并于2000年落成开放，目前已成为欧洲乃至全世界最负盛名和最具影响力的公共艺术空间之一。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.6666667" data-w="1080" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eM8MUDJQmHUQaBibxWia4gj7Hohicx24DbE6rvPFZia3GVwOPvEO50zL98hs7GS4Ltdezic4VqtsOGJKQw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">图1 从碎片大厦望泰特现代美术馆方向</p><p style="text-align: left;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">Frank Kaltenbach摄于2016年7月</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">美术馆由泰特集团（下辖Tate Britain、Tate Modern、Tate Liverpool、Tate St.Ives<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;">和Tate Online等五大分支）运营管理，在行政区划方面隶属瑟萨克区。通常情况下，伦敦人更习惯将其所在地段称为“南岸”——东西两侧大致以伦敦桥（London Bridge）和兰贝斯桥（Lambeth Bridge）为界，涵盖相互接壤的南岸（Southbank）和河畔（Bankside）两地的滨河区域。这片由1944年大伦敦规划（The Greater London Plan）指定的文化区内目前云集了伦敦眼（London Eye）、银禧花园（Jubilee Gardens）、皇家节日音乐厅（Royal Festival Hall）、伊丽莎白女王礼堂（Queen Elizabeth Hall）、国家剧院（National Theatre）、滑铁卢桥（Waterloo Bridge）、千禧桥（Millennium Bridge）等在欧洲乃至全世界都极具影响力的文化空间和城市地标（图2）。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.5912088" data-w="910" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eM8MUDJQmHUQaBibxWia4gj7H0vaUYETwp5IlugFABarXv3UwKZE9lImmpDtlh0rhUasCaGLkaSznicw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">图2 南岸地区鸟瞰</p><p style="text-align: left;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">资料来源：谷歌地球3D建筑视图（2018年5月），笔者添加标注</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 20px 0% 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 95%;vertical-align: top;border: 1px solid rgb(238, 173, 114);border-radius: 0px;box-shadow: rgb(238, 173, 114) 0px 0px 6px inset;padding: 0px 8px;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(255, 243, 224);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 12%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: -30px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="tn-yzk-fuid-text-37654-1532002390660" style="text-align: left;color: rgb(238, 173, 114);font-size: 60px;line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">1</strong></em></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 88%;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 5px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="tn-yzk-fuid-text-88499-1532002568774" style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(28, 28, 28);font-size: 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">伦敦南岸：从“凹陷”到“兴起”</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0% -65px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 80%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.28125" data-w="640" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/beWDW7YgFAEcaxwibR4XcRkOdgwbgjBXKb9qbMg0zIydKcXicFfqXib34xNlnoQRXjibAC3HtCF3awIb0J8t0r6TibQ/640?wx_fmt=png?x-oss-process=style/xmorient" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png?x-oss-process=style/xmorient"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(143, 121, 71);letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px;line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">-1.1河畔电站与南岸中心交织的命运-</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">如今的南岸地区是一片盛景，然而直至20世纪90年代，南岸地区一直饱受诟病，甚至被称为泰晤士河“充满错误的一面”。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1947年的河畔电站（图3），“南岸是出了名的丑陋”，扩建决策投票结束后，时任伦敦郡议会主席如是说道：“甚至新建一座巨大的工业建筑也不会对它造成什么严重影响。”这座由贾莱斯·吉尔伯特·斯科特爵士（Sir Giles Gilbert Scott，1880-1960）主持设计的被认为“散播着毒雾的寺庙”于1947年至1963年间分两个阶段改建完成并投入使用（图4）。<em style="line-height: 1.6;"><span style="color: rgb(178, 178, 178);">（<span style="line-height: 25.6px;">此时处于“Bankside A”阶段，体量仅为后来的一半。泰特后来改造的基础是其扩建后的“Bankside B”阶段。</span><span style="line-height: 25.6px;">）</span></span></em></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.9057592" data-w="764" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eM8MUDJQmHUQaBibxWia4gj7Ht99tfRazLDia8cdObyBNW1uGUKgCqBfmXdO6picwQD1xO1qaekh7FicHA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">图3 1947年河畔电站（A阶段）</span></p><p style="text-align: left;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160);font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;">https://alondoninheritance.com/tag/bankside/</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.7157407" data-w="1080" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eM8MUDJQmHUQaBibxWia4gj7HQu9icMb35mysCIDnFKGlrhXJwnHTvNS7KlAeLZP3NibtxxHfN5qjzTqQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">图4 扩建中的河畔电站（扩建至B阶段）</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">Simmons Aerofilms摄于1952年3月</p><p style="text-align: left;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">http://www.glias.org.uk/journals/bankside.html</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在河畔电站建造的同一时期，西侧与之有两桥相隔的南岸中心正迎来初次繁荣：1951年夏季于南岸中心举办的英国节庆典（Festival of Britain）极大地鼓舞了战后英国人民的信心（图5），而作为其中核心建筑的皇家节日音乐厅更是被誉为“人民的宫殿”，来访者络绎不绝。1962年至1968年间，河畔电站和新的南岸中心建筑群相继完工，期间执政党交替导致的施政策略的变化有意无意促成了“同处南岸则共进退”的事实。虽然理由不尽相同，二者（包括各自周边的南岸地区）再度饱受市民非议。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.7564516" data-w="620" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eM8MUDJQmHUQaBibxWia4gj7HfTvvOhmjMPGNYNLzibaB5uLqBwtuibQESXibxgO6dCvvCBrXRCm52KKbw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">图5 1951年英国节期间的南岸中心</p><p style="text-align: left;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/8270360/The-1951-Festival-of-Britain-in-pictures.html</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1981年，河畔电站关闭，成为一处丝毫不被认可的“挂名”工业遗产，一直到90年代，连同其周边地区一起被评价为“充满黑暗和混乱”的城市“凹陷区”（图6）。相较之下，南岸中心情况似乎更为乐观：在80-90年代完成了多轮尽管没有显著成果但却准确找到自身痛点的设计征集，只待一个契机“再创辉煌”。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.6604938" data-w="648" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eM8MUDJQmHUQaBibxWia4gj7HcE8ysfApVMIqqVvOCDArwmatiaP2wNdV6Wz6uABaD4fMerfBsLqF23Q/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">图6 运行中的河畔电站， 1977年10月</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">https://flashbak.com/mud-flood-and-blood-photos-of-londons-river-thames-1895-2000-6240/</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1993年，一场名为“建设南岸：南岸1753-1993的建筑工程”（Building the Southbank: Architectural Projects for the Southbank 1753-1993）的展览在南岸中心拉开帷幕，旨在开展新一轮的南岸中心改造方案竞赛，并引导公众和设计师将关注重点从建筑物形象转移到公共空间上来。最终，本地建筑师理查德·罗杰斯（Richard Rogers）的方案在众多设计中脱颖而出，该方案对南岸中心公共空间的改良提供了一个全新的思路，并对后来瑞克·马瑟（Rick Mather）在1999年作出的实施方案产生了积极的影响。而就在同一年，幸运女神也终于对河畔电站露出了微笑。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0% -65px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 80%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.28125" data-w="640" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/beWDW7YgFAEcaxwibR4XcRkOdgwbgjBXKb9qbMg0zIydKcXicFfqXib34xNlnoQRXjibAC3HtCF3awIb0J8t0r6TibQ/640?wx_fmt=png?x-oss-process=style/xmorient" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png?x-oss-process=style/xmorient"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 32px;color: rgb(143, 121, 71);letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px;line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;">-</span> <span style="font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;">1.2伦敦工业遗产中的幸运儿</span><span style="font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;"> -</span></strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">尽管在之前相当长的一段时间里，河畔电站一直面临被拆除的风险，期间一些工业遗产和文化遗产保护组织——包括发源于本土且其时已成立近二十年的国际工业遗产保护委员会（TICCIH）——也曾多次发声，并提出了多个可能的新用途建议，但这些想法均未能实现。在稳扎稳打的南岸中心的衬托下，这座老旧的燃煤发电厂愈发显得孤立无援。令所有人都没想到的是，这个由海量砖块堆砌而成的电力堡垒在日后会完成如此华丽的转身，与斯科特爵士的另两件作品（滑铁卢桥和红色电话亭）一并成为当代伦敦的城市形象代表。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.6666667" data-w="1080" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eM8MUDJQmHUQaBibxWia4gj7HZcTYWRy6zLeE9NT7elPkUcBBws3XCbmQfR6lS1yDCtTokfYbicuI79A/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">图7 圣保罗大教堂顶部望泰特现代美术馆</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">RORY GARDINER摄于2016年</p><p style="text-align: left;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">https://divisare.com/projects/315621-herzog-de-meuron-rory-gardiner-radu-malasincu-tate-modern</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1992年12月，泰特集团正在筹划建设一个新画廊用以拆分展出英国本土和国外现代展品（即后来的Tate Modern和Tate Britain，图8）的想法被曝光。由于资金限制，运营方最初的意图是寻找可以租用的临时建筑。几天之后，国家彩票法案（National Lottery etc. Act）获得通过，千禧委员会（Millennium Commission，旨在筹资并兴建一系列迎接千禧年的“21世纪标志性建筑”项目，包括伦敦眼和千禧桥等）也随之成立，几天之内就为“新泰特”筹集了近1.4亿英镑的启动资金。泰特集团开始考虑为国外现代艺术品设立一个永久性的展览空间，并极大地拓展了画廊新址的可选范围。经过一段时间的筛选后，决策者的目光落在了两座同处泰晤士河南岸，且同为斯科特爵士作品的发电厂身上——河畔电站和巴特西发电厂（The Battersea Power Station，图9）。最终，河畔电站凭借自身独特的城市区位、较为完整的外观和内部结构、相对低廉的收购成本和当时有关法案对于改造建筑较为宽松的限制条款，稳稳地接到了这一从天而降的橄榄枝。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.375" data-w="800" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eM8MUDJQmHUQaBibxWia4gj7HNO5vDJcibckl1AWrMNHmPE1W05q8vnnfw4f3yUvvGw2b3iciaDDL4icBrg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">图8 泰特不列颠美术馆（Tate Britain）</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">https://artuk.org/visit/venues/tate-britain-2043</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.6508621" data-w="464" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eM8MUDJQmHUQaBibxWia4gj7Hib02ej1CyZFScbYl2qvytvv3PVhSZhnErCl8Hq0LiaSzJlHg6FuxkKSQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">图9 巴特西发电厂</span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"> Tosh Marshall摄于2016年</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">https://thespaces.com/apple-to-open-a-giant-campus-in-londons-battersea-power-station/</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 20px 0% 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 95%;vertical-align: top;border: 1px solid rgb(238, 173, 114);border-radius: 0px;box-shadow: rgb(238, 173, 114) 0px 0px 6px inset;padding: 0px 8px;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(255, 243, 224);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 12%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: -30px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="tn-yzk-fuid-text-13381-1551680698256" style="text-align: left;color: rgb(238, 173, 114);font-size: 60px;line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: PingFangTC-ultralight;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">2</em></strong></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 88%;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 5px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="tn-yzk-fuid-text-88499-1532002568774" style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(28, 28, 28);font-size: 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">新泰特的适应性再生历程</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">历经多年的沉寂之后，河畔电站迈出了转型的第一步，并以此为起点，这座后来被称为“学识和艺术的大教堂”开始逐步展露它的“王者之姿”。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0% -65px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 80%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.28125" data-w="640" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/beWDW7YgFAEcaxwibR4XcRkOdgwbgjBXKb9qbMg0zIydKcXicFfqXib34xNlnoQRXjibAC3HtCF3awIb0J8t0r6TibQ/640?wx_fmt=png?x-oss-process=style/xmorient" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png?x-oss-process=style/xmorient"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(143, 121, 71);letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px;line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">- 2.1新美术馆的方案角逐 -</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: nowrap;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 0px 0.3em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-top-width: 1px;border-top-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 129, 36);border-bottom-width: 1px;border-bottom-style: solid;border-right-width: 1px;border-right-style: solid;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">2.1.1</strong></p></section><section style="padding: 0px 0.3em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;margin-left: -1px;border-top-width: 1px;border-top-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 129, 36);border-bottom-width: 1px;border-bottom-style: solid;border-left-width: 1px;border-left-style: solid;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">方案竞赛中的“诸神之战”</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1994年4月，泰特集团宣布河畔电站将变身为新的泰特现代美术馆，并于同年7月启动了国际方案征集。这个新颖且极具挑战的设计项目吸引了来自全球150余家设计机构和设计师的目光，然而只有13家获得了参赛资格（图10）。在经历了首轮激烈的角逐之后，仅剩6家入围，被要求进一步细化方案以最终赢得竞标。这其中，除了大卫·奇珀菲尔德（David Chipperfield）是本土知名设计师之外，余下六位设计师（来自5家机构）都是来自不同国家且多已在大型公共建筑方面有优秀作品面世的著名设计师，包括安藤忠雄（Tadao Ando，日本）、伦佐·皮亚诺（Renzo Piano，意大利）、雷姆·库哈斯（Rem Koolhaas，荷兰）、拉斐尔·莫内欧（Rafael Moneo，西班牙）、理查德·格克曼（Richard Gluckman，美国）以及赫尔佐格与德梅隆（Herzog＆de Meuron，瑞士）。这场近乎是建筑界“诸神之战”的方案竞标在当时的英国着实引起了不小的轰动。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.2365237" data-w="909" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eM8MUDJQmHUQaBibxWia4gj7HpGAlylr7M8Tht9RmQ5ibJ15KKdPpce8MLSX8Yl4qFXu7laX0qSRQ2UQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">图10 首轮竞赛方案部分参赛设计师在涡轮大厅的合影</p><p style="text-align: left;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">资料来源：参考文献4</p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> 1995年1月24日，泰特集团宣布由来自赫尔佐格与德梅隆事务所的雅克·赫尔佐格（Jacques Herzog）和皮埃尔·德梅隆（Pierre de Meuron）联合摘得桂冠（图11）。依照其方案实施的改建工程于4个月后破土动工，并于2000年1月完工。2000年5月11日，伊丽莎白女王亲自主持了美术馆的开幕式。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.7675926" data-w="1080" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eM8MUDJQmHUQaBibxWia4gj7HDJKse1IAsWGicWryJhpbyHvsS5yeOM9zPtgrC7VVGSiaibZWxwBEvaSoA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">图11 赫尔佐格与德梅隆二阶段竞赛方案成果封面，1995</p><p style="text-align: left;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">资料来源：参考文献4</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">泰特现代美术馆甫一开业就引爆了全英国民众的观展热情（首年接待人数接近500万，开业前预计为200万左右）。紧随其后，在6月10日开发的千禧桥——为圣保罗大教堂通向泰特现代美术馆提供了一个新颖便捷通道的步行桥——更是让该地区的火爆程度达到了前所未有的高度，并导致了千禧桥“遭遇超出预计的荷载而引发明显桥体共振”，不得不立即停业整修了几个月（图12）。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.6189516" data-w="992" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eM8MUDJQmHUQaBibxWia4gj7HfwUfsdLGzIAbKbvOFJjOBjnMmgCIQtrsiaOk6E9E8ZLhHDKVXwianszg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">图12 千禧桥稳定加固后，官方组织2000名美术馆访客在桥上进行稳定性测试。</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">资料来源：参考文献4</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: nowrap;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 0px 0.3em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-top-width: 1px;border-top-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 129, 36);border-bottom-width: 1px;border-bottom-style: solid;border-right-width: 1px;border-right-style: solid;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">2.1.2</strong></p></section><section style="padding: 0px 0.3em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;margin-left: -1px;border-top-width: 1px;border-top-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 129, 36);border-bottom-width: 1px;border-bottom-style: solid;border-left-width: 1px;border-left-style: solid;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">首胜者再度获胜</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">与大多数人预测的结果不同，在最初的火爆之后，泰特现代美术馆的热度并未按照“一般规律”那样，开业年访客人数井喷，后逐年递减。一份名为《 泰特现代：最初的五年》的报告显示（表1），2000-2005年，美术馆的年访问量始终保持在400万人次左右。当实际访客数（包含了仅使用建筑周边附属公共空间的访客）在2004年再次超越500万人次时，泰特集团开始着手制定泰特现代美术馆的扩建计划。于2005年夏季，指定赫尔佐格和德梅隆再次担任主设计师——这个情理之中的选择也给两位瑞士设计师与泰特现代美术馆的结缘画就了一个跨度刚好为10年的完美闭环。</p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">表1 泰特现代开业五年内访客数统计及第五年访客数与其他知名美术馆对比</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.8986486" data-w="1036" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eM8MUDJQmHUQaBibxWia4gj7H0HZ6Uic8icFhgLFKfYiafXRjqBaoY01VyANMh5libd3KEKxz4VepA9o1Kg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;">资料来源：参考文献11</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">这场首胜者的再度胜利并不令人意外。笔者认为他们两次获任的关键之处，同时也是泰特现代美术馆取得成功的重要因素，在于他们始终保持着一种“基于尊重原始的适应性改造”的思路：他们的动作“简单而纯粹”，“几乎保持了场地和建筑的完好无损”，在“保留了可以追忆的外壳”的基础上，通过反复推敲的精妙建筑手法对内部进行了高适应性改造。这是二人有别于大部分提倡主体大改的设计师的最大的区别和优势。正如克里斯·德尔康（Chris Dercon，比利时艺术史学家和策展人，2010-2017任泰特现代美术馆馆长）在一次与二人的对谈中提到的：“我认为你们被选中是因为你们表示‘我们不想改变现有建筑'”。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0% -65px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 80%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.28125" data-w="640" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/beWDW7YgFAEcaxwibR4XcRkOdgwbgjBXKb9qbMg0zIydKcXicFfqXib34xNlnoQRXjibAC3HtCF3awIb0J8t0r6TibQ/640?wx_fmt=png?x-oss-process=style/xmorient" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png?x-oss-process=style/xmorient"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(143, 121, 71);letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px;line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">- 2.2 “简单”地“挖掘潜力” -</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">“所有最终看来如此简单的结果，在起初却显得那样难以达成。”在与克里斯馆长的对谈完成后，赫尔佐格与德梅隆如此总结道。这句话可以说是泰特现代美术馆适应性再生改造方案的最佳注脚。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: nowrap;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 0px 0.3em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-top-width: 1px;border-top-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 129, 36);border-bottom-width: 1px;border-bottom-style: solid;border-right-width: 1px;border-right-style: solid;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">2.2.1</strong></p></section><section style="padding: 0px 0.3em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;margin-left: -1px;border-top-width: 1px;border-top-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 129, 36);border-bottom-width: 1px;border-bottom-style: solid;border-left-width: 1px;border-left-style: solid;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">原始建筑与内部空间</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">起初，摆在设计师面前的是一个巨大而陈旧且极具时代特征的“钢架与砖块的堡垒”：河畔电站占地面积约3.5公顷，总平面大致为矩形，150余米的长边平行河岸呈东西走向，主体通高约35米，临河一侧立面正中镶嵌着一座99米高的巨<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;">大烟囱（图13）；依照主体功能区别，整个建筑由北向南可大致分为3个部分（图14），分别是临河的锅炉房（Boiler House）及其烟囱、中部的涡轮大厅（Turbine Hall）、南侧的开关屋（Switch House，实际功能是总控室和变电所）以及开关屋附近的三座地下大型储油罐（The Tanks）。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.7462963" data-w="1080" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eM8MUDJQmHUQaBibxWia4gj7HeiaZNOczCIknKOPJImfvLib8iau6STickvEUJUKXqKicQ17ZY7aOFAGuBEA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">图13 1991年的河畔电站与圣保罗大教堂</p><p style="text-align: left;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">资料来源：参考文献4</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.8619529" data-w="594" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icKFe0wqE4eM8MUDJQmHUQaBibxWia4gj7HKThJQKahIpm4R9lPichxSAlg1QpkticXFxoNNfQ4Gia5LbBNC4aKh6yvw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">图14 新泰特现代美术馆构成</p><p style="text-align: left;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">资料来源：Peter Saville、Paul Hetheringt-on、Morph的视觉设计作品，笔者添加图例</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">面对这样一座由420万块转堆叠起来的大型工业建筑，在方案阶段各界有着不同的想法。来自外界的最主要的消极看法认为：该建筑内部空间的尺度过于庞大，完全不适合用于艺术展览，“选择这里完全是一个错误”。面对这种论调，入围设计师们似乎并未受到多少影响，纷纷提出了各自的“宏伟计划”：大卫·奇珀菲尔德建议砍掉烟囱，在建筑中部加装一个大玻璃屋顶，并在下方插入一条具有本地特色的“城市街道”（图15）；安藤忠雄提出想用两个巨大的玻璃悬臂将电站“横串”起来，并将其一直延伸至河岸附近（图16）；伦佐·皮亚诺则让人觉得他仿佛看到了复刻蓬皮杜艺术中心的机会，他准备将涡轮大厅填充为多层画廊，并上盖一个科技感十足的屋顶。而在赫尔佐格与德梅隆的方案中，人们甚至很难明确说出他们想要改造的内容（图17）——尽管二位设计师当时也曾一度陷入苦思，但他们并未偏离自己“简单”的理念和思路，即“最简处理现有建筑”（to do the least to the existing building）。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.7101852" data-w="1080" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eM8MUDJQmHUQaBibxWia4gj7H373V95XpYJtKzG587SwIXW0VW2f8dVD1CszCgY4j0FFFibF5ba6s9lw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">图15 奇珀菲尔德竞赛阶段设计概念图</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">资料来源：参考文献4</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.7074074" data-w="1080" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eM8MUDJQmHUQaBibxWia4gj7HFJYVmuicBsOXMzI8XR7Pdn1wpzQXIZoViaLTWmh9iaECGU3K51jvZ28iaQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">图16 安藤忠雄竞赛阶段设计概念图</p><p style="text-align: left;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">资料来源：参考文献4</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.7287037" data-w="1080" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eM8MUDJQmHUQaBibxWia4gj7HttlolU5RFcdQ7OuL8Idknrb2HgGE2z5Ons0k6y2lTdO241cSvMxecg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">图17 赫尔佐格与德梅隆的初步设计草图，1994</span></p><p style="text-align: left;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">资料来源：参考文献4</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: nowrap;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 0px 0.3em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-top-width: 1px;border-top-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 129, 36);border-bottom-width: 1px;border-bottom-style: solid;border-right-width: 1px;border-right-style: solid;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">2.2.2</strong></p></section><section style="padding: 0px 0.3em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;margin-left: -1px;border-top-width: 1px;border-top-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 129, 36);border-bottom-width: 1px;border-bottom-style: solid;border-left-width: 1px;border-left-style: solid;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">“锅炉房”与“涡轮大厅”</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">“最简处理现有建筑”的理念和思路完整地贯穿于两位设计师的全部工作过程。正如赫尔佐格在与克里斯馆长对谈中所提到的：“电站改造的建筑概念极为简单，而且经济性几乎不言而喻……它只需要挖掘现有建筑结构的最大潜能……就像传统烹饪，最好的厨师往往会优先利用本地时令食材进行搭配并最大发挥它们的潜力，而不是从一开始就添加一些外来的东西。”</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在1994年的竞赛方案阶段，为了使新空间与博物馆的日常活动尺度相适应，赫尔佐格与德梅隆在空间处理上采用了一种“大疏大密”的对照手法：在基本保持建筑外观不变的基础上，一方面通过分层和细致地排列相对小尺度的空间来填充原本空旷的锅炉房，将工业建筑有效地转换为一系列传统尺度的展厅，并在涡轮大厅一侧形成一个新的、可互赏的半封闭通高界面；另一方面，有别于其他竞争对手，他们大胆地将整个涡轮大厅予以“留白”（图18），仅仅拆除了原有设备，涂装墙体钢架并整体翻新了地面，创造性地开辟了一个气势恢宏的新型公共艺术空间（图19）。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.2934407" data-w="869" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eM8MUDJQmHUQaBibxWia4gj7HkK2d7fUBz6Ph09y8v0kAVgmyvaTc7PqxBOfV3pqKzQSagRUzelvleQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">图18 1994年开工前的河畔电站涡轮大厅</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">资料来源：参考文献4</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.5008636" data-w="579" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eM8MUDJQmHUQaBibxWia4gj7HcEUVpREJsIpfMNN4cfH4s6cmicVG7VsaKm4O62ricr4znwUicIOGp1apw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">图19 涡轮大厅全景（1层望西入口）</p><p style="text-align: left;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">笔者摄于2018年10月</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">随后，在1995年1月的实施阶段设计中，赫尔佐格与德梅隆进一步完善了作为方案最大亮点的涡轮大厅：在这个35米高、152米长的巨大空间西侧尽端，设置了一个通过宽阔坡道连接地面的下沉式新入口（图20），让这个“艺术之地”同时成为市民的“城市门厅”。这一“巧妙而简洁的设计策略”近乎完美地实现了现代艺术与工业遗产之间的交融，而这个广阔的中庭在后来的使用中也一如英国节期间的皇家节日音乐厅那样，获得了各界的广泛认可和一致好评（图21）。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.6666667" data-w="1080" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eM8MUDJQmHUQaBibxWia4gj7Hr8iasxRzGy34of1nzVWovLwERfTVPacI9upibVp6ssPrZrWXwChMticbg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">图20 西侧坡道入口</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">笔者摄于2018年10月</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.6666667" data-w="1080" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eM8MUDJQmHUQaBibxWia4gj7HbwYFHIMIyxj6U0XFEt4VWfXhqP1rfnqOBcwErQlicTWblql1nsmrrPw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">图21 涡轮大厅全景（西侧坡道入口视角）</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">笔者摄于2018年10月</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">改造后，锅炉房变成了可布展面积近8000平方米的半开放式画廊，除去1楼用作入口大厅和周边产品售卖地之外，2-4层主要作为免费展区；而3000余平方米的涡轮大厅除了偶尔举办大型雕塑和装置艺术展览，其余时间作为公共游憩空间面向市民开放；9部电梯和6部自动扶梯（图22）以及数座精心设计的楼梯（图23）在垂直方向上将各空间高效地串联起来。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.6666667" data-w="1080" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eM8MUDJQmHUQaBibxWia4gj7HKrYjEA1nVZekRaABMGXZZmMX06ickqGsgUY2R8kjlfG83j0tWal9PhA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">图22 0层至2层直达扶梯入口处</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">笔者摄于2018年10月</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.6672" data-w="625" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eM8MUDJQmHUQaBibxWia4gj7HfY2Tb5OISQT59ZYqloVDJaibwFu3ia7bIrKSgufMmyMnnDKoF2x6Riafw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">图23 开关屋4层楼梯入口处</p><p style="text-align: left;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">笔者摄于2018年10月</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: nowrap;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 0px 0.3em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-top-width: 1px;border-top-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 129, 36);border-bottom-width: 1px;border-bottom-style: solid;border-right-width: 1px;border-right-style: solid;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">2.2.3</strong></p></section><section style="padding: 0px 0.3em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;margin-left: -1px;border-top-width: 1px;border-top-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 129, 36);border-bottom-width: 1px;border-bottom-style: solid;border-left-width: 1px;border-left-style: solid;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">“光之梁”与“瑞士之光”</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在“充分挖掘现状潜力”的改造之外，新泰特在外观上还有两处颇为引人瞩目的新增部分：属于原方案的“光之梁”（Light Beam）和后来作为某种装置艺术而增加的“瑞士之光”（Swiss Light）。这两个完美结合了照明设计的新设施不但提高了美术馆在外观上的辨识度和美感，还提供了可以欣赏沿河美景的餐饮和游憩空间，更重要的是，它们用一种特殊的语言搭建起了建筑与城市之间对话的桥梁。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">“光之梁”是两位设计师在最初的竞赛设计阶段即萌发的创意，他们设想在锅炉房顶部增设一个两层的通长玻璃阁楼，用一个轻盈的水平玻璃结构来对比和衬托凝然耸立的烟囱与厚重的锅炉房（图24）；同时，这个结构在日间会给其下层区域提供一部分自然光照明，而入夜之后，人工照明的方向“反转”，光线从建筑中渗透出来并融入天空，形成一种独特的夜间景象（图25），并能让建筑中的观赏者无论在白天还是夜晚都可以融入这一“建筑与城市”的对话中来。这在后来被证明是泰特现代美术馆在建筑和城<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;">市设计方面对自身和周边环境均产生了积极影响的关键因素。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.625" data-w="1080" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eM8MUDJQmHUQaBibxWia4gj7HDFxFicHBrQ05iapZ9RJ5BlSjXGOdhx7jibjbRoOiaI4ibZplND70WeJ5OdQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">图24 夕阳下的光之梁</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">笔者摄于2018年10月</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.7745902" data-w="244" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icKFe0wqE4eM8MUDJQmHUQaBibxWia4gj7HKzIuHUUXe9Tv5vT4H0EsrTR4hzL2VdO3SF4GPF9n0ZtPru2O1G7LZA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">图25 美术馆夜景效果图，2016</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">制图：Hayes Davidson and Herzog & de Meuron</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">资料来源：参考文献19</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;">如果说“光之梁”所创造的“对话”范围仅限于基地内的话，那么“瑞士之光”则将“对话”范围拓展到了泰晤士河北岸的伦敦金融城中心地带。在千禧年泰特现代美术馆开幕后不久，人们注意到有一束蓝紫色的光芒由锅炉房的烟囱顶端射向对岸，似乎是新泰特想通过这束光与隔河遥对的圣保罗大教堂产生某些沟通和联系。在笔者看来，这个由迈克尔·克雷格-马丁爵士（Sir Michael Craig-Martin）设计的装置艺术可称得上是“神来之笔”。尽管从最初开始，河畔电站便站在了圣保罗大教堂对面，但直到20世纪90年代之前，这种“呼应”看起来更多像是散发着异味的流浪汉试图隔着河水跟贵族小姐打招呼一样可笑。而在千禧年之后，泰特现代美术馆一跃成为荣耀加身的骑士，也迎来了千禧桥这一“红地毯”，它们之间的关联也被越来越多的人发现和认可（图26）。而“瑞士之光”则实现了二者的“目光交汇”，也架起了由光芒组成的“第二座千禧桥”（有意思的是，千禧桥的设计概念本身也与光有关，名为“光之刃”，Blade of Light），从而在一个相当大跨度的城市空间上加强了二者的对景联系，也在某种程度上表达了赫尔佐格与德梅隆向克里斯多佛·雷恩爵士（Sir Christopher Wren，1632-1723，圣保罗大教堂设计师）的致敬，同时更让一种“经典与现代对话，往昔与今日交融”的观感油然而生。正如泰特集团代表在美术馆开幕式的发言中所提到的：“直到1981年，这个发电站仍是伦敦大都会的心脏。现在，在圣保罗大教堂的精神指引下，它已经成为一座学识和艺术的大教堂。”</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.0283019" data-w="318" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icKFe0wqE4eM8MUDJQmHUQaBibxWia4gj7HszuoncnORN5jl3Wd1EEVrF69WZSBibaJXiboDoJEyADuibawfZyAcZpDg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">图26 美术馆正立面及其上的圣保罗大教堂倒影</p><p style="text-align: left;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">笔者摄于2018年10月</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">另外值得一提的是，尽管这个由瑞士政府赞助的艺术品被一部分人讽刺为“瑞士人彰显存在感的国家广告”，但2007年其因结构不稳和由此产生的安全隐患而被拆除时，仍然引来一片唏嘘。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: nowrap;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 0px 0.3em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-top-width: 1px;border-top-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 129, 36);border-bottom-width: 1px;border-bottom-style: solid;border-right-width: 1px;border-right-style: solid;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">2.2.4</strong></p></section><section style="padding: 0px 0.3em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;margin-left: -1px;border-top-width: 1px;border-top-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 129, 36);border-bottom-width: 1px;border-bottom-style: solid;border-left-width: 1px;border-left-style: solid;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">“开关屋”与“地下油罐”</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2004年，为了应对日益高涨的访问需求，泰特集团开始考虑制定下一阶段的美术馆扩建计划，但受制于涡轮大厅以南的区域仍由一家名为EDF Energy的电力公司管理运营的现状，这个阶段的很多设想也只能停留在纸面上。直到2007年，该电力公司表示计划迁出，具体方案才得以敲定。2009年3月4日，泰特集团向瑟萨克区政府提交了一份详细的规划申请，计划为美术馆的使用者提供更多的展示和学习空间及其他设施。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在这一阶段，两位以“利用”见长的设计师已经无法回避“新建”的挑战了——新基地中可以“挖潜”的绝大部分空间均位于地下，无论是储油罐还是老开关屋，且可用空间十分有限，而泰特提出的目标则是至少将可用面积拓展至现有的1.5倍。这一足以令人寝食难安的设计指导意见让两位设计师开始深入考虑如何新建一个既合乎要求又适应基地，并能与第一阶段方案相融合的新空间。在历经了近50稿的草图与模型方案推演之后（图27、图28），赫尔佐格与德梅隆最终确定了“储油罐和新开关屋”的设计。这个被称作“苏美尔金字塔”的实施方案看起来同样非常的“简单”，其材质、肌理和色彩几乎与原建筑一致，<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;">仅有那个“既精致又原始”的造型与原建筑有所区别（图29）</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;">。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.7796296" data-w="1080" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eM8MUDJQmHUQaBibxWia4gj7HMv1Wshs2RLZwfnJxIh7ibW5oHBwHqVAR96Ydfhg4xiaJNqAHiaqK84Ricw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">图27 赫尔佐格与德梅隆的开关屋草图，2008</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">资料来源：参考文献4</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.0407407" data-w="1080" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eM8MUDJQmHUQaBibxWia4gj7Hde0pbDQG09SMRx9nLAv6OJPHibL4ZoPsiabwEjSb2wy61Qz5OG118pyw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">图28 开关屋的部分推演模型</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">资料来源：参考文献4</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.6666667" data-w="1080" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eM8MUDJQmHUQaBibxWia4gj7H9FjF71Vxsc2MOzUPbPyXA7Vo4wKl0dJVPyQvmS82webicVuQquSibkDg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">图29 美术馆南部全景</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">笔者摄于2018年10月</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">这座耗资2.6亿英镑的新建筑于2016年正式开放，内部共分11层，包括位于地下一层的由原储油罐改建而来的新型展览空间和顶层的360度半封闭景观休闲露台。新增的总计2.1万平方米空间为泰特现代美术馆增加了60%的可用面积。与原建筑一致的是，新开关屋外墙仍由与原建筑色调相仿的33.6万块砖堆垒而成（图30），此外分布在各个立面上的不规则条型窗孔也与“用光对话”这一理念一脉相承（图31）。而与原建筑最主要的不同则在于其内部功能设置更加“生活化”：新开关屋全部的6-11层空间并未专门用于收藏和展示，而是用作办公室、会员室、活动室、艺术教室、咖啡吧、餐厅和露台，还包括占用首层部分空间设置的餐厅和零售商店。地下油罐改造后成为多媒体展厅。恢复铺装的上盖空间更是全部被用作游乐空间，设置了秋千和攀爬架等设施，为周边社区居民创造了全新且极富艺术气息的日常休闲活动场所（图32）。同时，新的场地和建筑进一步丰富了整个美术馆的内外游线：新开放的南部入口使得居中的涡轮大厅可以从三面进入并疏散人群至建筑内部各个角落，来自南部的使用者甚至可以选择向北横穿整座美术馆到前广场欣赏滨水风光，而观展的人们选择线路时只需要回答一个简单的问题，“（先去）锅炉房还是开关屋？”</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.6666667" data-w="1080" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eM8MUDJQmHUQaBibxWia4gj7HkVWLdcU3TarK7MR2xQeyJ4FZBKFnTgZ2J9l6fiaIMLj1K1ZInBq79vg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">图30 开关屋与涡轮大厅的交接处立面</p><p style="text-align: left;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">笔者摄于2018年10月</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.6666667" data-w="1080" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eM8MUDJQmHUQaBibxWia4gj7HfLE3aicibmM0rZQmJibIc633LaySpsGOHTQk7hiahl71DF57EWoZhicpjsA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">图31 美术馆全景（西苑西部视角）</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">笔者摄于2018年10月</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.6666667" data-w="1080" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eM8MUDJQmHUQaBibxWia4gj7HHeFWC7xO0mkEs93lEThpODHYqPAI20fUU57iald42mYwV5VbPuw0X6Q/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">图32 南园与游乐区（从屋顶平台俯视）</p><p style="text-align: left;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">笔者摄于2018年10月</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0% -65px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 80%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.28125" data-w="640" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/beWDW7YgFAEcaxwibR4XcRkOdgwbgjBXKb9qbMg0zIydKcXicFfqXib34xNlnoQRXjibAC3HtCF3awIb0J8t0r6TibQ/640?wx_fmt=png?x-oss-process=style/xmorient" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png?x-oss-process=style/xmorient"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(143, 121, 71);letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px;line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">- 2.3“无为”地“创造自然” -</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">诚然，泰特现代美术馆内精彩的展品和独具韵味的艺术展厅是吸引人们来访的主要原因。而事实上，仍有相当数量的一部分本地使用者到访此地仅仅是为了享受基地内的几处自然公<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;">共空间。这些由冈瑟·沃格特（Günther Vogt）主持设计的景观作品同样值得仔细品味。人们惊讶地发现，“简单”的理念同样体现在草坪、疏林、阶地和花园创建思路中。正如冈瑟在与克里斯馆长对谈中提到的：“人们经常问我在泰特现代美术馆做了什么，我的回答是‘几乎没做任何事，它自己就那样完美地鲜活起来了’。”</span></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: nowrap;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 0px 0.3em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-top-width: 1px;border-top-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 129, 36);border-bottom-width: 1px;border-bottom-style: solid;border-right-width: 1px;border-right-style: solid;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">2.3.1</strong></p></section><section style="padding: 0px 0.3em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;margin-left: -1px;border-top-width: 1px;border-top-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 129, 36);border-bottom-width: 1px;border-bottom-style: solid;border-left-width: 1px;border-left-style: solid;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">白桦与草坪</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">美术馆周边的自然景观空间被统称为“河畔花园”，主要分为三个区域：主建筑北广场两端的疏林草地、涡轮大厅西侧坡道入口边的桦木阶地（西苑），以及东南部的树篱花园（图33）。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.7046296" data-w="1080" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eM8MUDJQmHUQaBibxWia4gj7H7ibsuT47BMiaGAJ3EOAIKompO2yjergWicmglNv1W0t1DMMqESH82gC2w/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">图33 2016新方案总平面效果图</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">资料来源：参考文献4</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">最初，在建筑北部滨河区域的景观设计上，冈瑟仅仅是想种植一些白桦，他认为：“无论如何，白桦树都是很重要的……因为沿岸的工业性质，贫瘠的咸土使得强壮易生的桦树成为了显而易见的选择……当它们网格化的种植在铺装地面上之后，会同时具有自然和人工两种属性，并且白桦天然的黑白配色也会（与建筑一起）构成美妙的图画。”（图34）</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1" data-w="1080" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icKFe0wqE4eM8MUDJQmHUQaBibxWia4gj7HUQLhdiaDn2dvKYcdqBMGA5SJicnUiaUY08qpGEd7SockLbbr3ObHIbqvg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">图34 白桦树与草坪（锅炉房西北角）</p><p style="text-align: left;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">笔者摄于2018年10月</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">然而经历了两三年的反复之后，冈瑟终于发现这种“欧洲普适”的手法在这里并不被认可：“……他们并不热衷于这种结构化的自然组织。在英国传统中，景观美化必须与自然相关：一片草地，一群树木或一处小森林……英国人与草地有着强烈而直接的关系……泰特说：‘我们需要草坪’。”（图35）</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.5222222" data-w="1080" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eM8MUDJQmHUQaBibxWia4gj7HH1dQ3O3gQbbTP6JMvn0kMm5gdTJhVoRkckViaxcaU9u0lPUuPrLI35g/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">图35 冈瑟的景观设计草图（西南部总平视角），2008</p><p style="text-align: left;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">资料来源：参考文献4</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">一切也因此变得简单起来。最终，前广场出现了两块种着白桦树的草地：西侧的一块占据了主建筑北侧空地将近一半的面积，疏密有致的白桦树沿四周将其松散地包围起来；而东侧的一块则更像是一条弯曲的林间绿带，引导人群和视线向建筑后方过渡（图36）。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.6666667" data-w="1080" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eM8MUDJQmHUQaBibxWia4gj7H1IlUNeqkauWaphU6KibZ1u8ugj0awOGpRuLPy9gzibX4iab26r8EXSffA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">图36 前广场东部的白桦树与草坪</p><p style="text-align: left;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">笔者摄于2018年10月</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">这两片构造“简单”的草坪，尤其是西侧的那一片，在开放之后受到了市民的极大欢迎：“他们喜欢亲近草地……这种与自然的直接接触会让你觉得身处风景之中。”冈瑟如此感慨到，“我甚至看到经过二十分钟降雨之后人们立即再次坐在草坪上——你在欧洲其他地方永远不会看到这样的事情！”（图37）</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.6666667" data-w="1080" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eM8MUDJQmHUQaBibxWia4gj7HWAbLhVialyG0R3PNJ4MlwUzbWMuZn6ibaMPTkO5fXnGREBHlvibB6QRew/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">图37访客在前广场西侧草坪上休息</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">Beach Captain摄于2013</p><p style="text-align: left;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">http://www.selenatheplaces.com/2013/04/LondonSpringtime.html</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在深入理解了“英国特色”之后，冈瑟对于其他几处自然景观的处理也变得游刃有余起来：西苑仅在一片台阶上零散地以树池形式种植了白桦，并简单地辅以一道绿篱进行分隔，再加上几组长椅和一片圆形草地，便为由西入口进出的人群提供了一个休息和放松的绝佳场所（图38、图39）。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.625" data-w="1080" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eM8MUDJQmHUQaBibxWia4gj7HBVGN4KwnhufEcVRKbrhU1A0zvD9UDZmv0msVn3Iqib6kRzemYzGyZxA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">图38 西苑台阶上休息和午餐的学生</span></p><p style="text-align: left;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">笔者摄于2018年10月</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.6666667" data-w="1080" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eM8MUDJQmHUQaBibxWia4gj7HjR92FGLowU4fc11KLW5LbPLgwRELYmU1ckH7WmbnAu0LEBA451fgiaA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">图39 西苑台阶与白桦树池</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">笔者摄于2018年10月</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: nowrap;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 0px 0.3em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-top-width: 1px;border-top-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 129, 36);border-bottom-width: 1px;border-bottom-style: solid;border-right-width: 1px;border-right-style: solid;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">2.3.2</strong></p></section><section style="padding: 0px 0.3em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;margin-left: -1px;border-top-width: 1px;border-top-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 129, 36);border-bottom-width: 1px;border-bottom-style: solid;border-left-width: 1px;border-left-style: solid;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">树篱与花园</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在主建筑南边，与新开放的“开关屋”更为“生活化”的理念相一致，南园被清晰地划分为两个由树篱环绕的花园。这些由针叶红豆杉和白苹果花灌木等组成的树篱可以形成鲜明的季节动向，而穿插种植的枫树和梧桐树配合缓坡草地的地形设计也进一步丰富了园林的空间层次，所有这些共同营造了一个可以在其中沉思的静谧空间（图40、图41）。笔者曾在一个雨天造访此处，真切地体会到了这一设计的成功。诚如克里斯馆长对冈瑟的评价中所言：“泰特现代美术馆的景观回应了英国的景观设计理念——首先是创造自然。”</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.6972222" data-w="1080" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eM8MUDJQmHUQaBibxWia4gj7HQHfM07peAjzOQCkIBS1D0jx4MFnRaVd3tMaJBopFiaRrIAMjlHfBPjg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">图40 冈瑟的景观设计草图（南立面视角），2008</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">资料来源：参考文献4</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.6666667" data-w="1080" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eM8MUDJQmHUQaBibxWia4gj7HBsC5qnzpCgxT44K4PWpmOdsSzokoYXtiaia8q0ibT3P4G6kt9G1Q7D3PQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">图41 南园外部全景（基地东南入口视角）</p><p style="text-align: left;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">笔者摄于2018年10月</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 20px 0% 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 95%;vertical-align: top;border: 1px solid rgb(238, 173, 114);border-radius: 0px;box-shadow: rgb(238, 173, 114) 0px 0px 6px inset;padding: 0px 8px;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(255, 243, 224);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 12%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: -30px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="tn-yzk-fuid-text-57342-1551752423682" style="text-align: left;color: rgb(238, 173, 114);font-size: 60px;line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: PingFangTC-ultralight;box-sizing: border-box;">3</span></em></strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 88%;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 5px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="tn-yzk-fuid-text-88499-1532002568774" style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(28, 28, 28);font-size: 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">泰特现代美术馆的成功经验</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">从河畔电站到新泰特，从涡轮大厅到开关屋，如今的泰特现代美术馆无疑是相当成功的，它由种种特殊命运和机遇共同造就的各类特质几乎是无法复制的。正如冈瑟·沃格特在与克里斯馆长的对谈中所总结的：“我认为它是同代和同类博物馆中的最后一个，没有任何机会可以重现（这个过程或结果）。”</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">然而，任何人和任何城市都不会，也没有必要去复制一个新泰特，因为每一个项目都有它自身的独到之处。我们需要做的是在新泰特独特的“命运和机遇”指引之外，总结一些具有共同性和可实施性的经验。结合工业遗产适应性再生和城市设计的视角来看，笔者认为新泰特的成功主要可以归结于下几个方面。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0% -65px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 80%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.28125" data-w="640" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/beWDW7YgFAEcaxwibR4XcRkOdgwbgjBXKb9qbMg0zIydKcXicFfqXib34xNlnoQRXjibAC3HtCF3awIb0J8t0r6TibQ/640?wx_fmt=png?x-oss-process=style/xmorient" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png?x-oss-process=style/xmorient"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(143, 121, 71);letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px;line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">- 3.1融入城市：创造和谐共生的城市地标 -</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: nowrap;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 0px 0.3em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-top-width: 1px;border-top-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 129, 36);border-bottom-width: 1px;border-bottom-style: solid;border-right-width: 1px;border-right-style: solid;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3.1.1</strong></p></section><section style="padding: 0px 0.3em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;margin-left: -1px;border-top-width: 1px;border-top-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 129, 36);border-bottom-width: 1px;border-bottom-style: solid;border-left-width: 1px;border-left-style: solid;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">建筑与历史的对话</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">从一个较大的空间尺度来看，最引人瞩目的当属新泰特与圣保罗大教堂这一对隔河相望且内涵丰富的对景地标。正如前文所述，尽管有一定的巧合因素——包括美术馆选址和千禧桥的建立等等，但后续方案中河畔电站主体烟囱的保留和因之才有了出现机会的“瑞士之光”等改造措施的成功则说明：在较为宏观的尺度上和可能的情况下，大型工业遗产的适应性再生改造宜注重与城市原有地标的呼应（图42），这种源自于对历史文脉的尊重和<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;">发扬可以为遗产再生带来极大的地位和层级提升。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.4481481" data-w="1080" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eM8MUDJQmHUQaBibxWia4gj7H5ZnuTbdflCSSHXPhnTLic5HWBJqfPrIH2hMicOUrIp5GDx3jy4ic3QXbg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">图42 开关屋顶层北视全景</p><p style="text-align: left;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">笔者摄于2018年10月</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: nowrap;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 0px 0.3em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-top-width: 1px;border-top-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 129, 36);border-bottom-width: 1px;border-bottom-style: solid;border-right-width: 1px;border-right-style: solid;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3.1.2</strong></p></section><section style="padding: 0px 0.3em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;margin-left: -1px;border-top-width: 1px;border-top-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 129, 36);border-bottom-width: 1px;border-bottom-style: solid;border-left-width: 1px;border-left-style: solid;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">建筑与城市的交融</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在建筑形象的整体构建上，由“光之梁”所代表的“建筑应与城市之间形成对话并相互交融”的理念，则是另一个值得学习和借鉴的要点。基于赫尔佐格与德梅隆的“挖掘现状潜能”的思路，通过材质与形态之间形成“纵横对比”的手法，在保留并彰显原有建筑精神的基础上，进一步拓展了新建筑的内涵，也极大地提升了其外观辨识度和城市形象（图43），从而造就了一个“博罗市场与皇家节日大厅之间所有于南岸再生的文化历史建筑的中心”。这种通过局部改造来达到强化建筑整体，并直接与城市环境形成呼应的再生改造思路也正是当下国内大型工业遗产再生有待吸收和强化的方面。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.625" data-w="1080" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eM8MUDJQmHUQaBibxWia4gj7HGJqTjywYONPDn4fm3o6vwNfELcNztItHMnibkjsPIC1icTibp00o299aA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">图43 从黑衣修士码头望美术馆和碎片大厦</p><p style="text-align: left;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">笔者摄于2018年10月</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0% -65px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 80%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.28125" data-w="640" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/beWDW7YgFAEcaxwibR4XcRkOdgwbgjBXKb9qbMg0zIydKcXicFfqXib34xNlnoQRXjibAC3HtCF3awIb0J8t0r6TibQ/640?wx_fmt=png?x-oss-process=style/xmorient" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png?x-oss-process=style/xmorient"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(143, 121, 71);letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px;line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">- 3.2融入艺术：创造简约精致的文化空间 -</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: nowrap;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 0px 0.3em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-top-width: 1px;border-top-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 129, 36);border-bottom-width: 1px;border-bottom-style: solid;border-right-width: 1px;border-right-style: solid;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3.2.1</strong></p></section><section style="padding: 0px 0.3em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;margin-left: -1px;border-top-width: 1px;border-top-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 129, 36);border-bottom-width: 1px;border-bottom-style: solid;border-left-width: 1px;border-left-style: solid;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">“大巧不工”的空间构建</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在美术馆的核心功能区——内部艺术与公共空间方面，最值得仔细体会的是二位设计师一以贯之的“简单而纯粹”的设计思路。在主体艺术空间划分上，他们并未像其他竞争者一样过多地注重外观形态、“由外到内”地进行考虑，而是通过一种“简单”有效的“疏密对比”和“留白”的手法，从“为核心功能创造最有效的空间”这一“纯粹”的思路出发，在锅炉房内完美地实现了“形式服从功能”，同时在涡轮大厅更是创造性地实现了“形式启发功能”。前所未有的空间尺度为超大型装置艺术（如2003年的“天气工程”展览，图44）的布展提供了新的可能。在笔者看来，以上这些极富借鉴意义的思路在某种程度上可以类比为“极简风格的国画创作”：如何做到“寥寥数笔即穷形尽相，只着寸墨却淋漓尽致”。这种“大巧不工”的设计思维也许是后续工业遗产再生改造项目值得深入思考和研究的方向。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.7477273" data-w="880" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eM8MUDJQmHUQaBibxWia4gj7HgCNY0xPbh7MKSh2jpW6vtjiaK2WGGA5d9etNIwo60ATATiaNx0DROapw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">图44 涡轮大厅的天气工程艺术展（The Weather Project）Olafur Eliasson摄于2003年</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"> https://publicdelivery.org/olafur-eliasson-the-weather-project/</span></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: nowrap;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 0px 0.3em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-top-width: 1px;border-top-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 129, 36);border-bottom-width: 1px;border-bottom-style: solid;border-right-width: 1px;border-right-style: solid;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3.2.2</strong></p></section><section style="padding: 0px 0.3em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;margin-left: -1px;border-top-width: 1px;border-top-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 129, 36);border-bottom-width: 1px;border-bottom-style: solid;border-left-width: 1px;border-left-style: solid;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">“道法自然”的环境设计</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">与内部空间设计思路相似但又略有区别，冈瑟对新泰特基地内景观的设计思路更有点“无为而治，道法自然”的意味。虽然手法同样“简单”，但更多的却是在深入理解了“英国人对草地爱得深沉”这一本地文化特色的基础上顺势而为：在最主要的建筑北部和东西两端的室外空间，仅用“白桦+草坪”的多样化松散组合就完成了三处重要的滨河景观“形象工程”并大获成功（图45）。从这个事实中我们似乎可以解读出一个信息：相当一部分繁复或夸张设计方案出现的根源或许正是由于设计师并未真正考虑清楚“什么才是最合适的”，若能真正参透基地所在之处的文化内涵并顺应其精神诉求进行表达，那么一个“双赢”甚至“多赢”的方案也许便会顺理成章。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.6666667" data-w="1080" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eM8MUDJQmHUQaBibxWia4gj7HHWL5icHoEDItqlRcndKnTusQWFeP7mOiap2TC7d5G5w7HWga0hXYoWmA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">图45 美术馆北立面衬托下的白桦树与草坪</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">笔者摄于2018年10月</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: nowrap;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 0px 0.3em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-top-width: 1px;border-top-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 129, 36);border-bottom-width: 1px;border-bottom-style: solid;border-right-width: 1px;border-right-style: solid;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3.2.3</strong></p></section><section style="padding: 0px 0.3em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;margin-left: -1px;border-top-width: 1px;border-top-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 129, 36);border-bottom-width: 1px;border-bottom-style: solid;border-left-width: 1px;border-left-style: solid;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">“自给自足”的后期运营</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">作为主体功能的重要补充，对于后期主题衍生品、餐饮等服务功能以及品牌合作销售的运营和推广，也是应当加以考虑的一环。新泰特凭借其多年的博物馆和美术馆运营经验将这一方面几乎做到了极致。在人流最为密集的北入口大厅（包括首层和地下一层）分别开设了一间综合商店、一间书店、一间纪念品和衍生品零售店（图46）和一间原创设计品展销店（Tate Edit，曾与百安居进行冠名及展销合作，在主入口旁边设有独立入口和橱窗，图47）。结合游客的日常零散募捐和高端人士的公益慈善捐助，再加上数个咖啡馆、主题餐厅和酒吧，新泰特完全做到了“自给自足，甚至“名利双收”。相信这对于改变国内很多<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;">工业遗产再生后因缺乏维护和运营资金而逐渐凋敝的惨淡现实会有所启发。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.6666667" data-w="1080" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eM8MUDJQmHUQaBibxWia4gj7HicX52UpKC7fl3dmK05AZPPxPPmCEPTN8xXmLOD7GoHEamLaeE1wibhaA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">图46 美术馆主入口大厅内的衍生品商店</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">笔者摄于2018年10月</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.6666667" data-w="1080" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eM8MUDJQmHUQaBibxWia4gj7H5siabxq69YmLd9J0LNrLzlrOc1cBk9vwu711Eh3VxU3GM7T9YxCiaHEA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">图47 美术馆主入口东侧的Tate Edit橱窗</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">笔者摄于2018年10月</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0% -65px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 80%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.28125" data-w="640" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/beWDW7YgFAEcaxwibR4XcRkOdgwbgjBXKb9qbMg0zIydKcXicFfqXib34xNlnoQRXjibAC3HtCF3awIb0J8t0r6TibQ/640?wx_fmt=png?x-oss-process=style/xmorient" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png?x-oss-process=style/xmorient"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(143, 121, 71);letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px;line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">- 3.3融入社区：创造积极友好的生活转变 -</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">泰特曾在本世纪初的一次访客研究中总结了市民访问美术馆的四个关键因素：社交、学习、情感和精神，并表示：“世上没有不言而喻的艺术品……我们的使命是增强公众对艺术的认知、理解和欣赏；泰特有义务帮助市民准确地理解所有展品传达的信息。”而笔者认为，与其说这是来源于1992年英国“博物馆与画廊法”（Museums and Galleries Act 1992）中对美术馆运营和管理机构的规定，倒不如说这是泰特真切地意识到了“融入社区”所带来的诸多裨益之后的主动作为。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: nowrap;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 0px 0.3em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-top-width: 1px;border-top-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 129, 36);border-bottom-width: 1px;border-bottom-style: solid;border-right-width: 1px;border-right-style: solid;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3.3.1</strong></p></section><section style="padding: 0px 0.3em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;margin-left: -1px;border-top-width: 1px;border-top-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 129, 36);border-bottom-width: 1px;border-bottom-style: solid;border-left-width: 1px;border-left-style: solid;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">艺术与教育的责任意识</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">自博物馆开放以来，作为实践其“使命”的重要一环，泰特与瑟萨克区政府合作举办了多次关于儿童的慈善展览。在如今的美术馆内外，任何工作日的开放时间内都能看到成群结队的儿童在老师的带领下来此免费参观或学习。这种联系就像一条“脐带”，让泰特更为直接深入地接触周边社区。随之而来的是市民更加高涨的来访热情和对此作出积极应对的、更加多样化的公益课程和更多的免费教室及教具供应，甚至很多授课老师也是由泰特一力培养出来的。来此学习的儿童无需任何准备，只要带着好奇心即可。截至目前，泰特每年平均接待40万名儿童来此参加艺术教育和亲子活动（图48）。</p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.7327044" data-w="318" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icKFe0wqE4eM8MUDJQmHUQaBibxWia4gj7HHal5qHN0lP8zrocjQ7sY2TtwcTm92wDfa3Y2Zz7qjVUfd5CfaWXKKQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">图48 2016新泰特开馆之初的学校开放日</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">资料来源：参考文献19</span></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">上述事实有力地说明了工业遗产再生项目在本地公益方面的积极贡献能为其带来良好回馈。对于伦敦而言，在某种程度上巩固了人们对伦敦的一种“特殊认同”，而这种认同也将成为一个城市在文化层面带动其他行业高效发展的催化剂。这并非主观臆断。根据一份来自麦肯锡对新泰特潜在经济影响的评估报告（1994-2005）：在建设阶段，泰特现代美术馆自身创造了467个建设工作岗位和283个运营工作岗位， 这些员工中有三成来自附近地区；自2000年开业以来，美术馆有效地引起了外界对伦敦未开发地区的关注，并在全伦敦创造了2000-4000个工作岗位，以及7500万英镑到1.4亿英镑的经济收益，以上二者中都有一半来自瑟萨克地区。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> 2018年10月1日，作为古巴艺术家塔尼娅·布鲁格拉（Tania Bruguera）即将在涡轮大厅举办的艺术展的重要组成部分（主体是一个将涡轮大厅地面用热感原料整体刷黑，并在访客的某种一致动作下地面会显现出一名叙利亚男子头像的大型行为艺术装置。该头像原型的男子在从原籍到英国避难时得到了娜塔莉的无私援助），泰特宣布为表彰娜塔莉·贝尔为瑟萨克社区做出的杰出贡献，即日起将锅炉房命名为“娜塔莉·贝尔大厦”（Natalie Bell Building，图49）。这与2017年5月由于亿万富翁莱恩·布拉瓦特尼克（Len Blavatnik）对新泰特扩建的慷慨捐赠而将开关室更名为“莱恩·布拉瓦特尼克大厦”（Len Blavatnik Building）具有完全不同的意义（图50）。前者更多地体现了泰特对于社区的关注和支持从未懈怠。目前这位单亲妈妈正带领着一个名为“青年与社区计划”（Youth and Community Programmes）的社区团队，更为系统和完善地延续着她自2001年起即在本区自发开展的社区互助和共建活动。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.6666667" data-w="1080" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eM8MUDJQmHUQaBibxWia4gj7HWz97pv5mdUMD8sufkULODtsgicGDuzlhsccW7QqQZFgbESf4MaviaKJw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">图49 南入口大厅看重新命名的锅炉房</span></p><p style="text-align: left;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">笔者摄于2018年10月</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.6677215" data-w="632" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eM8MUDJQmHUQaBibxWia4gj7HUInABJIZdVYSxuxIFLZ9sFNibLOggdAvZfYcu1vXkx3Cyg4uQmBwm4Q/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">图50 重新命名的锅炉房与开关屋（4F连廊前内部导引图）</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">笔者摄于2018年10月</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: nowrap;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 0px 0.3em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-top-width: 1px;border-top-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 129, 36);border-bottom-width: 1px;border-bottom-style: solid;border-right-width: 1px;border-right-style: solid;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3.3.2</strong></p></section><section style="padding: 0px 0.3em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;margin-left: -1px;border-top-width: 1px;border-top-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 129, 36);border-bottom-width: 1px;border-bottom-style: solid;border-left-width: 1px;border-left-style: solid;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">带动与反哺的良性循环</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在致力于推进市民的文化教育之外，新泰特也在自身与地区发展的互动关系上保持了极高的关注度。早在本世纪初，泰特便委托理查德·罗杰斯（Richard George Rogers）开展了一项针对“河畔三角区”的城市研究，旨在为目标地区带来一系列积极的转变。该研究聚焦于两个层次：首先是泰特现代美术馆南部及周边临近地区，这显然是针对后来新泰特开关屋阶段改造而进行的预研究；第二个研究范围则显得所图甚大，是一个分别以黑衣修士路（Blackfriars Road）和博罗商业街（Borough High Street）为侧边，以二者相夹的河岸为顶边的倒三角区域。从这个范围的划定中不难看出，新泰特已然将自身视为南岸地区一个重要的活力源点，并试图为周边地区带来更多的实际收益。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">经过研究，理查德所提出的理念与1999年以来南岸中心的成功要义相差无几，包括改善整个地区的关键通路，强化街景和市民公共活动空间，增强邻里互动关系，鼓励整个地区的步行优先等等。同时，他还建议：“所有的合作者均应共同努力，共同制定和实施该地区的愿景，并借助这个独特的机会，提高未来该区域内市民的生活和工作质量。”</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">理查德的建议得到了有效推进，加上前述“文化产业对其他行业的带动效应”，自新泰特开业至今，周边乃至瑟萨克全区最显而易见的改变是其房价和商业投资的增长速度一直高于伦敦平均水平。2005年新泰特扩建的消息被证实之后，美术馆周围的区域很快发生变化：一座位于开关屋西南部，包含200余套豪华公寓和大量经济适用住房的居住综合体（由理查德·罗杰斯设计）开始兴建；东侧与之紧邻的地块上，一座包含9万余平方米商业空间的新商务大楼进入收尾阶段（图51）；瑟萨克区内以这两座建筑为代表的，“由新泰特招商”的各类新空间在随着开关屋的落成陆续完工并投入使用之后，带来了更多的高端访客和新艺术家。正如一位麦肯锡评估师所言：“无论艺术和艺术家落脚在哪里，发展都会随之而来……这已经形成了一个良性循环。”</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.6666667" data-w="690" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eM8MUDJQmHUQaBibxWia4gj7HfDW41HGACicFQMuthON6c9NqXvV6FVrVNdzD4jxZg71yazkhoSGzDSw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">图51 开关屋西南方向的新办公楼与高层住宅</span></p><p style="text-align: left;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">笔者摄于2018年10月</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 20px 0% 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 95%;vertical-align: top;border: 1px solid rgb(238, 173, 114);border-radius: 0px;box-shadow: rgb(238, 173, 114) 0px 0px 6px inset;padding: 0px 8px;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(255, 243, 224);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 12%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: -30px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="tn-yzk-fuid-text-60652-1551766174718" style="text-align: left;color: rgb(238, 173, 114);font-size: 60px;line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: PingFangTC-ultralight;box-sizing: border-box;">4</span></em></p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 88%;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 5px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="tn-yzk-fuid-text-88499-1532002568774" style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(28, 28, 28);font-size: 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">启示</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在系统回顾了泰特现代美术馆充满戏剧性的再生演进过程，并对其成功经验进行了初步梳理和总结之后不难得出如下结论。首先，工业遗产是一种的特殊的建筑遗产，它们中的大多数并不像精美的建筑遗迹或者承载回忆的纪念碑那样是一块家传的金银，只需细心保存起来便能产生某种价值。相较之下，它更像是一件陈旧的铁器，只有通过创造性地锻造和打磨，并赋予与其特质和应用环境相适应的功能方可最大限度地发挥其价值。其次，在这个适应性改造过程中，应当贯彻“三个尊重”。一是尊重历史，强调对遗产自身和所处城市文脉的延续，更多地从“简单而纯粹”的思路出发，避免大拆大改，并力求对城市经典内涵有所呼应。二是尊重环境，强调对基地及其周边自然环境的“最小干预”，并结合对本地特色文化的挖掘，力求将文化与自然进行完美融合。三是尊重社区，强调市民对于文化和文化设施发展的重要作用，在文化传播和教育普及方面主动作为，力求创造人与遗产、遗产与城市之间的良性互动。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.28125" data-w="640" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/3XKXN9oWy8bazKemic7ib4QxiaUTnl34vSHVaZia3VNvyPHFkjrKSX555x6oQNpMPPIrttG4vYxzicA29IDLcvYjxHA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(38, 124, 242);box-sizing: border-box;">参考文献</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(38, 124, 242);box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></em></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: left;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">1 Adam Janak. Tate Modern（Case Study）. Spring 2006. http://www.webpages.uidaho.edu/arch504ukgreenarch/casestudies/tatemodern2.pdf</em></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: left;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">2 Arupon behalf of Historic England. Translating Good Growth for London’s Historic Environment. April 2017.  https://content.historicengland.org.uk/content/docs/get-involved/translating-good-growth-london-historic-environment-120717.pdf</em></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: left;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">3 BBC. 2000: Sneak preview of new Tate Modern. BBC On This Day1950-2005.  http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/may/8/newsid_2519000/2519069.stm</em></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: left;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">4 Chris Dercon and Nicholas Serota. Tate Modern: Building a Museum for the 21st Century. 2016 Tate Publishing，ISBN978-1-84976-401-8.</em></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: left;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">5 DeanC., DonnellanC., & PrattA.C. (2010). Tate Modern: pushing the limits of regeneration. City，Culture and Society 1(2): 79‐87. ISSN 1877‐9166， DOI:10.1016/j.ccs.2010.08.003. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/files/5328481/tate.pdf</em></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: left;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">6 Donald Hyslop. Culture, Regeneration and Community：Reinventing the City. Vol 5 (2012): 152–65，International Journal of Community Research and Engagement，ISSN 1836-3393. https://epress.lib.uts.edu.au/journals/index.php/ijcre/article/view/2244</em></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: left;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">7 Dr. Shen, Xu Hui Simon. Conserve and Revitalise @ Hong Kong Heritage : Liberal Studies Teaching Kit（Chapter 2，Section 3）. http://www.amo.gov.hk/en/teachingkit/download/teaching_kit_06.pdf</em></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: left;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">8 Frank Kaltenbach. Tate Modern opens new building by Herzog & de Meuron. 01 July 2016.  https://www.detail-online.com/article/tate-modern-opens-new-building-by-herzog-de-meuron-28041/</em></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: left;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">9 IHAR Public Attitudes Survey. Industrial Heritage at Risk：Public Attitudes Survey，February 2011. https://content.historicengland.org.uk/content/docs/har/nat-results-public-attitudes-industrial-heritage.pdf</em></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: left;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">10 Josh Salisbury. Southbank single mum has tate modern building named after her in recognition of good deeds. 01 October 2018，Southwark News. https://www.southwarknews.co.uk/news/southbank-tate-modern-coin-street-natalie-bell/</em></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: left;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">11 Martin Gayford, John Holden, Rowan Moore, the Rt Hon Chris Smith, Jon Snow and Tony Travers. Tate Modern:The First Five Years. Published by order of the Tate Trustees 2005by Tate ，ISBN 1-85437-653-5. http://www.sismus.org/museums/report/Regno%20Unito/Tate/Report%20quinquennale%20Tate.pdf</em></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: left;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">12 Ouerdya Ait Abdelmalek，AFP. London's Tate Modern museum expands horizons. 14 Jun. 2016.  https://translate.google.cn/#en/zh-CN/Ouerdya%20Ait%20Abdelmalek%2C%20AFP%20Jun.%2014%2C%202016%2C%202%3A24%20PM</em></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: left;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">13 RambollGroup，Tate Modern. https://ramboll.com/projects/ruk/tate-modern</em></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: left;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">14 RambollGroup. Tate Modern extension，17 June 2016.  https://uk.ramboll.com/news/ruk/16-06-07-tate</em></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: left;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">15 RambollGroup. Tate Modern more popular than ever. 1 December 2017. https://ramboll.com/media/rgr/tate-modern-more-popular-than-ever</em></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: left;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">16 Tate. Tate Report 2010–2011. 2011. https://www.tate.org.uk/download/file/fid/11449</em></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: left;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">17 Tate. Herzog & de Meuron appointed to complete Tate Modern.27 January 2005. https://www.tate.org.uk/press/press-releases/herzog-de-meuron-appointed-complete-tate-modern</em></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: left;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">18 Tate. Tate Modern in the London Borough of Southwark. Planning report PDU/1464a/01，4 March 2009. https://www.london.gov.uk/sites/default/files/PAWS/media_id_64456/tate_modern_report.pdf</em></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: left;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">19 Tate. The New Tate ModernOpens 17 June 2016，19 February 2016. https://www.aphg.fr/IMG/pdf/press_kit_tmp.pdf</em></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: left;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">20 Tate. Richard Rogers's vision for Bankside. 11 May 2001. https://www.tate.org.uk/press/press-releases/richard-rogerss-vision-bankside</em></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: left;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">21 Tatjana Anti?. Industrial heritage objects as new centers ofart and culture: Creating art clusters in industrial zones for producing ‘creative city’ model andgiving new identity to the city（Master Thesis）. September 2009. http://www.culturalmanagement.ac.rs/uploads/research_file_1/6a02dbd563047f41f7852ce75183efef01f6d1b4.pdf</em></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: left;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">22 The Guardian. Tate Modern names extension after billionaire Len Blavatnik. 4 May 2017. https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2017/may/04/tate-modern-names-extension-after-oligarch-donor-len-blavatnik</em></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: left;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">23 Theodora Vischer，K?the Walser. Herzog & de Meuron - Eleven stations at Tate Modern. 26 November 2000. https://www.herzogdemeuron.com/index/projects/complete-works/126-150/126-tate-modern.html</em></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: left;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">24 澎湃新闻. 伦敦泰特现代美术馆馆长：泰特如何华丽变身，把所有权交给公众. 整理自弗朗西丝·莫里斯（Frances Morris）在上海吴淞国际艺术城论坛上的讲话. 2018-5-12. https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1600226563244548816&wfr=spider&for=pc</em></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.28125" data-w="640" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/3XKXN9oWy8bazKemic7ib4QxiaUTnl34vSHVaZia3VNvyPHFkjrKSX555x6oQNpMPPIrttG4vYxzicA29IDLcvYjxHA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">本文将刊发于《北京规划建设》杂志2019年第2期</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">获授权微信首发，如需转载请联系本号。</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section>
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