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<section style="line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.5px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: dotted;border-color: rgb(160, 160, 160);padding: 3px 10px 3px 5px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);border-radius: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(160, 160, 160) 0px 0px 0px;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 35%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 80%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/KoH4xpDrnibBVSpp1c5Ma5E0U1iartbIaphv0sP0ttOfuhsoyd2JIugz3AmTcCCTwK2NAqz0YZUpYyF9CdXibJNbA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 65%;box-shadow: rgb(160, 160, 160) 0px 0px 0px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 5px;border-width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"></strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">ID:</p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-position: 0% 0%;background-repeat: repeat;background-size: 68.3688%;background-attachment: scroll;padding: 15px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;background-image: url("http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/KoH4xpDrnibBVSpp1c5Ma5E0U1iartbIapwaoNE4Wvf2SjZeFJLbMB4kE5EBUt5hpT29Kr06HSNicuWC8W7Cuz4Eg/640?wx_fmt=png");box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">2019年2月18日，《粤港澳大湾区发展规划纲要》发布，粤港澳大湾区国家战略再度万众瞩目。<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">今天从1980年的一个小故事开始讲起，为您细细道来国家为何唯独圈中粤港澳大湾区进行发展规划！</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 5px 0% -5px;transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 8px 1px 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(73, 109, 75);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Part.1</strong></em></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(73, 109, 75);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">“四门大开，<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">对外开放</span>”</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.75" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/KoH4xpDrnibBVSpp1c5Ma5E0U1iartbIapYJrUfGba9tvseWQjMv95ej7Dgr3ZS6icQ5oMiafeg3Fu5pbtp1IY0lcA/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="1024" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">1980年12月28日，中山温泉宾馆在广东省中山市开业。中山温泉宾馆开业后“<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">四门大开，对外开放</strong></span>”，引来数千人围观。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">让现在人看起来，宾馆开放才是正常的。可是在以前，宾馆只对领导和外宾开放，普通人想要进宾馆还得开介绍信。中山温泉宾馆的投资者之一、香港富商霍英东就提到：“回忆一九七九年，我带领一个参观团到北京参观第四届全国运动会，回到广州时，许多亲友到宾馆探访，被挡在门外冒着风雨轮候登记一个钟头才获得入内见面。”这个谜样的经历看来对霍先生影响颇深。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(73, 109, 75);box-sizing: border-box;">后来霍英东又在广州投资了白天鹅宾馆，也是坚持对外开放的原则。</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">当年还有不少人感到不解：要是完全开放，假如阶级敌人混进来搞破坏怎么办？损坏财物又该怎么办？站在霍英东这边，宾馆就是应该欢迎市民前来参观的设施，有了人气，以后才有财气，“<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">你说改革开放好、开放是什么样，一看（白天鹅）就知”。他还保证，宾馆有什么财物损失都算在他的账上。</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.75" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/KoH4xpDrnibBVSpp1c5Ma5E0U1iartbIap0VUq24htf9r8N8xmEOpaj7000HeJ9dpWO6zzpaZytS6AicJnf6UndyA/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="1024" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">当时对外开放的宾馆确实是个新鲜事物，白天鹅宾馆开业适逢1983年春节，放假期间大批市民前来围观，挤满了宾馆，大厅里挤掉的鞋子捡了几箩筐，洗手间一天用掉400卷厕纸。</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">除了坚持宾馆对外开放，霍英东在大陆投资宾馆还遇到了很多理念上的分歧。当时的规定是，30层以上的高楼，天台都要架设高射炮，建设人民防空。霍英东觉得这么做会吓跑宾客，坚决不执行，最终是请示某位广东籍老领导才同意不设置高射炮。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">这就是他的聪明之处了，霍英东一向明白，如果要搞新鲜事物，难以推进的时候有必要走上层路线。</strong>而像中山温泉酒店和白天鹅酒店这样的投资，如果没有这层关系，也根本不会搞得起来。酒店的投资和筹建，本身就是与政府部门合作达成的，也受到广东省领导的关注，时任广东省委第一书记就曾视察过中山温泉宾馆的工地。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">1984年春节前后，总设计师来到广东，就住在中山温泉宾馆。有一天他爬上中山温泉宾馆后面的罗三妹山，下山时随行人员建议从原路返回。总设计师若有所思地说：“<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(73, 109, 75);box-sizing: border-box;">向前走，我不走回头路！</span></strong>”微言大义，就看你领会不领会。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">第二年春节，总设计师再次来到广东，这次住在了广州白天鹅宾馆。面对珠江夜景，他作出了进一步开放沿江、沿海、沿边城市的决定。总设计师还对霍英东说：“白天鹅好。”霍英东想必深感荣幸。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.5695931" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/KoH4xpDrnibBVSpp1c5Ma5E0U1iartbIapceLe0icrIeDPhHVQyibnRJV6t5fdBvSv6z3sYrH7ptLz6l6dYWesRdsw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="467" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">正是那一年，白天鹅宾馆成为了中国第一间加入世界一流酒店组织的酒店。除此之外，霍英东投资的这两家酒店还有很多其他重要影响：<span style="color: rgb(73, 109, 75);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">比如白天鹅酒店开了使用信用卡结账的先河；中山温泉宾馆的开业，刺激着中山养殖业发展，乳鸽生产从开业前的年产一万五千对增至1986年年产四十五万对。</strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">在开宾馆之前有人疑虑的“旅客多了是否会把内地的东西吃光吃贵？”这种问题，在宾馆运行后也就烟消云散了。<span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">看上去是两家宾馆，实际上则是为上层和民间展示了真正的开放是什么样，在当年争论的铁幕上划开了一道口子。</strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">说来还有一个<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(73, 109, 75);box-sizing: border-box;">广东“传统”</span></strong>也<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">是宾馆开业带来的</strong>——中山温泉宾馆开业后第一个春节，大年初三霍英东就和夫人来到宾馆派红包。从此之后广东各地普及起老板春节后派开工<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">利是</strong></span>的“传统”，至今也不过几十年，可能老广们自己也不知道。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 5px 0% -5px;transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 8px 1px 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(73, 109, 75);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Part.2</strong></em></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(73, 109, 75);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">港澳投资刺激<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">广东经济发展</span></strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.75" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/KoH4xpDrnibBVSpp1c5Ma5E0U1iartbIapFQtpJ2hswg70bwUMWMJ44KLR0JptkpU4mWykCTCj0GmibLIrAS3r18w/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="1024" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">中山温泉宾馆和白天鹅宾馆是改革开放后港澳资金北上的缩影。霍英东是香港的大富商，上层关系也密切，所以能够投资高规格的宾馆（饶是如此，中山温泉宾馆也是霍英东和何贤、何鸿粲、马万祺等人一起投资的）。而且霍英东本人颇具爱国情怀，投资白天鹅宾馆也要求由国内团队自主经营管理，很大程度上是为“证明了炎黄子孙无限丰富的智慧和才能，由中国人自己经营管理是可行的” 。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">其他大多数港资北上投资的是些小生意，主要还是为了赚钱。改革开放初期也正是香港飞速发展了二十多年的时候，劳动力成本和土地成本上升，东南亚各国工业成本低于香港，香港本土劳动密集型制造业竞争力大为削弱。<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(73, 109, 75);box-sizing: border-box;">改革开放给了香港制造业北上，寻找更便宜生产要素和更大市场的机会。</span></strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.75" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/KoH4xpDrnibBVSpp1c5Ma5E0U1iartbIapD87oX2kEKCbw9DAURYuNIAZdploSCrbrbN3Hz6ZtCWbNxviaJVecuIg/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="1024" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">别看现在的广东很富裕（也未必都如此，粤东西北仍然不算发达），改革开放前广东的工农业总产值在全国省市中仅排在第22位，人均国内生产总值低于全国平均水平。<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(73, 109, 75);box-sizing: border-box;">改革开放后，以港澳资金为主的外资涌入广东，助力广东尤其是语言文化相近、自然禀赋较好的珠三角经济腾飞。</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">林志锴等（2001）在《珠江三角洲与香港经济合作的思路》中提到，那段时间香港轻工业转移到珠三角，形成了“前店后厂”的加工贸易模式，即由香港方面负责承接国际订单，提供原材料、机器设备、产品设计及样品，控制产品质量、开拓国际市场及产品销售及售后服务，扮演“店”的角色；而珠三角负责产品的加工、制造及装配，扮演“厂”的角色。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">直到<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(73, 109, 75);box-sizing: border-box;">1996年</span></strong>，<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(73, 109, 75);box-sizing: border-box;">香港主要的制造业大约八成以上的工厂或加工工序转移到广东，这其中的94%是转移到珠三角的。</span></strong>1997年珠三角港澳台企业多达6000家，占珠三角企业总数的40.29%，工业总产值的41%，其中香港是最大的外资来源。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">香港制造业转移到大陆，香港本身则进行产业升级。就像我们在《看，被房价压垮的年轻人》里提到的那样，<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">香港已经具有相当自由的经济环境，很多跨国公司把香港当做进入内地市场的跳板，为外资进行跳转服务是香港新的时代机遇。</strong></span></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.75" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/KoH4xpDrnibBVSpp1c5Ma5E0U1iartbIapc6jkaMSFhaEImER65me5FNiaYTyF0ibjajg88ciaxaL7OGJzzuFnvHIww/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="1024" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">与此同时，改革开放后的内地还成为金融业不断扩张的大市场。香港金融机构对内地非银行客户的累计放款余额在1979年仅有1亿多港元，到1987年猛增到了223亿港元。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">金融、贸易、娱乐及教育研究等服务行业开始代替原有的制造业成为香港经济的支柱。</strong></span>1985-1995年，从事专业、行政及管理的人员，从26.69万人上升至81.41万人，占香港总就业人口的27%。<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(73, 109, 75);box-sizing: border-box;">香港服务业对内地的影响在方方面面</span></strong>，从刚才提到的酒店宾馆，到金融和房地产业，再到风靡一时的香港影视剧——至今还有周星驰的粉丝哭着喊着要还欠他的电影票。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.5214724" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/KoH4xpDrnibBVSpp1c5Ma5E0U1iartbIapG3EahqOnSKLYzpSEDCyiankhBuX6BbpmhW4qalZiaD1bNvbcJ8xvCgYg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="652" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">在改革开放前期，广东省开放程度加深，吸引大量外资，经济飞速发展。黎靖（2009）在《改革开放30年广东省全要素生产率分析》中提到，“1978-1987年，资本对广东省经济增长的平均贡献率达27.53%，而在1988-1997年，更是攀升到45.11%”。自1989年起，广东国内生产总值稳居全国省级行政区第一位。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 5px 0% -5px;transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 8px 1px 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(73, 109, 75);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Part.3</strong></em></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(73, 109, 75);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">港澳与珠三角<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">协作转型</span></strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.75" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/KoH4xpDrnibBVSpp1c5Ma5E0U1iartbIapsWOkiaDl9RztgPMIic0mFfXSm8VuicKIW8Xn4pLlE4AokGLP7F5tUuS6A/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="1024" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">然而在1997年亚洲金融危机后，香港经济不复往日的快速发展，“数码港”、“中药港”等产业转型项目也都没有成功。而且中国大陆的开放程度不断扩大，香港的重要性开始下滑，很多国外资本选择绕开香港直接投资大陆，香港的港口也面临着近在广州、深圳，远在上海、青岛的竞争。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">在珠三角的港资企业多为计算机、通信和其他电子设备制造、纺织服装、服饰业、橡胶和塑料制品业等劳动密集型产业。</strong>随着珠三角工业用地紧张，劳动力成本提升，它们也经历了和在香港一样的过程，若不进行产业升级，竞争力只会越来越弱。2008年金融危机爆发后，出口也受到全球需求萎缩的影响，对这些出口导向的制造业企业也是不小的打击。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(73, 109, 75);box-sizing: border-box;">出口萎缩对于整个珠三角都是挑战，特别是在某些行业出现了产能过剩的时候。</span></strong>2015年，由于产能过剩，佛山、肇庆等地就有多家陶瓷企业倒闭。2010-2012年，广东家具出口增长率从35.7%下降至3.2%，而2008-2012年，超过300家广东家具企业倒闭。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.75" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/KoH4xpDrnibBVSpp1c5Ma5E0U1iartbIapejibicO6tdqm2T7ts2YvOcjuQh9zqsKiaA0Dp6Fdd39rLYwxvNr4R4KCA/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="1024" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">在<span style="text-decoration: underline;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">《城市化一波又一波，何处是故乡？》</strong></span>里我们提到过，在2008年的金融危机冲击下，东莞城镇人口从2008年的472万人减少至2009年的452万人。成功转型的乡镇发展出总部经济、金融服务、现代商贸、高新科技等新的增长点，GDP与人口的年均增长分别为8.85%和2.91%；转型不那么成功的乡镇，主导产业主要是造纸、食品、服装等抗风险能力较弱的劳动密集型产业，GDP与人口的年均增长率分别为7.57%与-1.71%。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">过往港澳投资珠三角劳动密集型产业的“前店后厂”模式，逐渐失去优势，根据邴綨纶等（2017）的《港澳台与广东省地缘经济关系匹配研究》，港澳台与广东省各市之间的分工协作不足，且2000-2014年还有逐渐恶化的趋势。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">显然，过往港澳与珠三角的合作模式需要突破，但是目前港澳和珠三角的协同配合磕磕绊绊，并不顺利。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">一个直观的例子就是去年通车的港珠澳大桥，原本是令人惊叹的工程奇迹，能为珠三角和港澳开辟新通道，大大加速物流和人员往来，却因为不同的车辆管理制度，只有取得了该大桥口岸通行车牌的商务车辆才能获得相应行驶指标，让大桥的作用打了折扣。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.75" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/KoH4xpDrnibBVSpp1c5Ma5E0U1iartbIapMePPZsLn2uVOZvG7kt92RuApsqf7SmYycMibDogroIL35zcyr0rQSNQ/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="1024" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">这种制度上延阻港澳与内地交流的例子还有很多，比如香港和内地的职业技术资格不能互认；香港居民在内地被视为“境外人员”，须在内地和香港同时交税；港澳居民没有身份证，难以在银行开户，也就没法绑定微信或支付宝，享受中国式创新。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">所以近些年来的“大湾区”概念，是珠三角九市（广州市、深圳市、珠海市、佛山市、惠州市、东莞市、中山市、江门市、肇庆市）与香港、澳门统筹规划，必然要在更高的层面上协调发展。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 5px 0% -5px;transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 8px 1px 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(73, 109, 75);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Part.4</strong></em></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(73, 109, 75);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">扩大开放的<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">大湾区</span></strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.75" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/KoH4xpDrnibBVSpp1c5Ma5E0U1iartbIap2iaH60rdH7LtjZRhsYwI7sibEx6oC367IN7A0PVySkT8KlQUnWSYnp3A/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="1024" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">要做到粤港澳统筹规划，协调发展，粤港澳大湾区还要进行更高层次、更大程度的开放，珠三角对港澳的开放程度、大湾区对世界的开放程度都要进一步加深。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">比如在去年广州发布的《关于广州扩大金融对外开放 提高金融国际化水平的实施意见》，就明确了<span style="color: rgb(73, 109, 75);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">大幅放宽外资准入限制及外资股比、降低港资澳资金融机构准入门槛、支持开展先行先试业务等</strong></span>10项金融开放主要任务。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">其中，“降低港资澳资金融机构准入门槛”就包括，允许港澳银行在粤分行在广州申请设立异地支行；支持符合设立外资参股证券公司条件的港澳金融机构在广州设立一家两地合资的全牌照证券公司；支持在广东自贸区南沙新区片区设立两地合资全牌照证券公司，取消内地单一股东须持股49%的限制；允许符合条件的港澳金融机构按照有关规定设立合资基金管理公司。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.75" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/KoH4xpDrnibBVSpp1c5Ma5E0U1iartbIapQFy0nGskuQIBx21bjsibwAn9n4oKnO3VDWOH76eYTzWsT95nZ5Qx2Fg/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="1024" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">而最近发布的《粤港澳大湾区发展规划纲要》，“开放”一词更是被提到了53次，涉及到珠三角对港澳进一步的人员流动开放、服务业开放、科研创新开放等，也对包括港澳在内的整个大湾区对外开放提出了新的要求。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">在<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(73, 109, 75);box-sizing: border-box;">人员流动方面</span></strong>，有望开放港澳中小学教师、幼儿教师到广东任教；在珠三角九市工作生活并符合条件的港澳居民子女有望能够同等接受义务教育和高中阶段教育；在深圳前海、广州南沙、珠海横琴有望建立港澳创业就业试验区，允许取得建筑及相关工程咨询等港澳相应资质的企业和专业人士直接提供服务。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(73, 109, 75);box-sizing: border-box;">服务业</span></strong>则是进一步开放，“推动对港澳在金融、教育、法律及争议解决、航运、物流、铁路运输、电信、中医药、建筑及相关工程等领域实施特别开放措施”，对港澳投资者的资质要求、持股比例、行业准入等限制有望进一步取消或放宽。在文化产业方面，“推动粤港澳影视合作，加强电影投资合作和人才交流”。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.75" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/KoH4xpDrnibBVSpp1c5Ma5E0U1iartbIap7SbZgMujIasd6tibjibicW0vW5cb5eeiaJLfrtwCY3jhyMBqKxFtguMpwg/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="1024" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(73, 109, 75);box-sizing: border-box;">科研创新方面</span></strong>，港澳研究机构有望参与国家科技计划，并向其开放国家在广东建设布局的重大科研基础设施和大型科研仪器。另外支持内地与香港、澳门建立创新创业交流机制，共享创新创业资源，共同完善创新创业生态，为港澳青年创新创业提供更多机遇和更好条件，“鼓励粤港澳企业和科研机构参与国际科技创新合作，共同举办科技创新活动，支持企业到海外设立研发机构和创新孵化基地，鼓励境内外投资者在粤港澳设立研发机构和创新平台” 。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">这些举措都是打破粤港澳三地壁垒，促进大湾区融为一体，加速人员、信息、生产要素流动的开放举措。</strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">与此同时，港澳的不同制度也可以充分发挥其优势，进一步对外开放，“充分发挥港澳在国家对外开放中的特殊地位与作用，支持香港、澳门依法以‘中国香港’、‘中国澳门’名义或者其他适当形式，对外签署自由贸易协定和参加有关国际组织，支持香港在亚投行运作中发挥积极作用，支持澳门在符合条件的情况下加入亚投行，支持丝路基金及相关金融机构在香港、澳门设立分支机构”。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.75" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/KoH4xpDrnibBVSpp1c5Ma5E0U1iartbIapIoia1sHzgsKyj8y9f8ORQotajxXxA4p2ia0rq2H84gjXiagIaqCAnA2fA/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="1024" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">改革开放四十年，尽管物换星移，春节后发利是上新闻的老板变成了马化腾，但“四门大开，对外开放”为珠三角带来了前所未有的机会。<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(73, 109, 75);box-sizing: border-box;">回头路已经走不得了，想要进一步激发珠三角的经济活力，就必须与港澳协调，打破不同制度间的壁垒，进一步向港澳开放的同时扩大对外开放。</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">我们要有信心——地理上的边界确实存在，但人的想像力、创造力和追求美好生活的勇气是没有边界的。</strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  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