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<section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icKFe0wqE4eMqntmtPVPBeA32ucDzc8HfdeIrdDF2uIHu983gYltu5WIjy5ktKl7QhoA5Aicu9ksAuLUGNTE5tyQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;padding: 15px 10px 25px;border-radius: 1em;margin-bottom: -30px;background-color: rgb(241, 235, 228);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(113, 13, 42);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">历史钩沉----首都规划及规划管理工作实践方面的历史回忆纪实。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">建国以来首都的规划工作，道路漫长，历尽艰辛，其中曲折复杂、千变万化的协调、决策过程鲜为人知。在这里我们请老一辈规划工作者回顾自己的亲身经历，把精彩纷呈的历史事实写下来，作为正史的补充和解读，以帮助后人进一步深人理解首都的规划建设实践。</p></section></section></section></section><section style="height: 30px;border-bottom-width: 5px;border-bottom-style: solid;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-radius: 1em;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icKFe0wqE4eMqntmtPVPBeA32ucDzc8HficAnswRBhQ4EKcOZSIEEUsXJUltznJRsia0x4pePrtAvkpObhzeaKrWQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: justify;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">本文选自“首都城市规划事业60年纪事”征文。谨以此篇向温明霞前辈表示崇高的敬意和谢意。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="text-align: justify;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">温明霞，北京水利规划设计研究院副总工程师，教授级高级工程师<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icKFe0wqE4eMqntmtPVPBeA32ucDzc8HficAnswRBhQ4EKcOZSIEEUsXJUltznJRsia0x4pePrtAvkpObhzeaKrWQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;padding-right: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-bottom: 1px dashed rgb(142, 123, 80);padding-right: 5px;margin-right: 3px;color: rgb(113, 13, 42);font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">转河的由来</strong></p></section><section style="margin-top: -7px;margin-right: -10px;margin-left: auto;width: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: rotate(0deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(0deg);-moz-transform: rotate(0deg);-o-transform: rotate(0deg);margin-left: -3px;width: 7px;height: 7px;background-color: rgba(255, 189, 218, 0.5);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin-top: -4px;width: 10px;height: 10px;background-color: rgba(179, 233, 255, 0.5);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">转河是长河的一部分。长河，辽称高梁河。金称皂河。元称金水河、玉河。清乾隆后，称长河。长河是连接古高梁河把玉泉诸水引入古都城内的唯一河流。明清两朝，长河是由西直门通往西郊各行宫御苑的唯一御用明清北京城水系河道。清朝以前长河水出高梁桥后直入积水潭，并没有转河。</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eMqntmtPVPBeA32ucDzc8HfDQAbzCgp2GJbkDqQ5D1rND0Wu6wRQEbrVibWMI7JuFsOqAzpfdEJrEA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">图1  明清北京城水系</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="text-align: justify;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">清末，随着近代工商业和交通运输业的发展，光绪三十一年（1905），我国杰出的铁路工程师詹天佑主持修建京张铁路（北京至张家口），该段铁路起点为西直门火车站。铁路出西直门后与长河相交。为保证站区铁路安全运行和河道正常输水，将长河过高梁桥后改道向北拐，经净土寺南向东过京张铁路至索家坟，折向南至东小村，在西北护城河交汇处入护城河。改道后河道平面呈“几”字型，称为“转河”。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eMqntmtPVPBeA32ucDzc8HfSE8FiabMZDiah6Y3umH6FZW7gk4ibkMOGl5Cj7iaxUXjA3OA38KmbyOPbw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">图2  新中国成立前的转河位置图</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;padding-right: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-bottom: 1px dashed rgb(142, 123, 80);padding-right: 5px;margin-right: 3px;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(113, 13, 42);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">转河的历史演变</strong></p></section><section style="margin-top: -7px;margin-right: -10px;margin-left: auto;width: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: rotate(0deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(0deg);-moz-transform: rotate(0deg);-o-transform: rotate(0deg);margin-left: -3px;width: 7px;height: 7px;background-color: rgba(255, 189, 218, 0.5);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin-top: -4px;width: 10px;height: 10px;background-color: rgba(179, 233, 255, 0.5);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">1971年开始修建环线地铁，北护城河北侧的太平湖被填垫，改建成环线地铁车辆段，地铁进出车辆段的轨道将北护城河拦腰截断，部分河道只好改道。1977年2月至1978年6月间对北护城河上段进行了治理，把局部河段北移沿第一轧钢厂北侧向东，穿过地铁车辆段住宅区和办公区，长861m改为暗沟。1975年至1982年间实施长河污水截流和整治长河工程中，将自高梁桥至北护城河暗沟的转河裁弯取直后改为暗沟，与已建的北护城河暗沟相接，暗沟长760m，断面为7000×2800～7000×3670毫米，其间设有向西护盖板沟和土城沟分水的闸门。至此转河被改为暗沟，暗沟平面位置为自高粱桥向东穿过西直门火车站，经西直门北大街、东小村路、太平湖地铁车辆段居住区接入北护城河。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eMqntmtPVPBeA32ucDzc8HfL08E9G4rG8FtRia6mOnDSCmo205yKhDcSeF7gnx3JBbcIBLELY1Wr9g/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">图3  转河变迁示意图</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;padding-right: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-bottom: 1px dashed rgb(142, 123, 80);padding-right: 5px;margin-right: 3px;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(113, 13, 42);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">转河治理的背景</strong></p></section><section style="margin-top: -7px;margin-right: -10px;margin-left: auto;width: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: rotate(0deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(0deg);-moz-transform: rotate(0deg);-o-transform: rotate(0deg);margin-left: -3px;width: 7px;height: 7px;background-color: rgba(255, 189, 218, 0.5);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin-top: -4px;width: 10px;height: 10px;background-color: rgba(179, 233, 255, 0.5);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">为贯彻二十一世纪可持续发展战略，改善首都的环境状况，进一步实现“清、流、绿、通”的水系治理目标，恢复古都风貌，使沿水域的历史文化遗存得以保护。市委市政府于1999年初提出了改造北环水系，亮出水面，分步分段实现北环水系贯通的要求。实施转河工程，恢复转河历史风貌势在必行。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">北京市自1998年开始对城市水系进行治理，先后对昆玉段、南护城河、长河等河道进行了治理。通过对长河的治理使得暗沟上游城市防洪排水已满足了规划要求。上游河道排水通畅后，给下游暗沟的排洪带来了压力，该区域规划流量比暗沟的排洪能力增加了40％，暗沟本身已没有再扩大的可能，所以必须另辟行洪通道，开挖转河。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">转河所处的西直门地区紧邻二环，人口稠密，城市交通干线交错，包括西直门火车站，及正在建设的城市铁路13号线和西直门交通枢纽。属城市窗口地区，地理位置重要。迫切需要治理周边环境，实现污水截流，还清河水，改善生态环境。在开挖转河的同时实现河道绿化，沿线以历史为主线，注重历史风貌，营造园林景观，改善水环境。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">转河整治工程是北京防洪、水环境治理的一件大事，是北京市政府2002年为全市人民所办的56件实事之一。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;padding-right: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-bottom: 1px dashed rgb(142, 123, 80);padding-right: 5px;margin-right: 3px;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(113, 13, 42);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">转河功能</strong></p></section><section style="margin-top: -7px;margin-right: -10px;margin-left: auto;width: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: rotate(0deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(0deg);-moz-transform: rotate(0deg);-o-transform: rotate(0deg);margin-left: -3px;width: 7px;height: 7px;background-color: rgba(255, 189, 218, 0.5);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin-top: -4px;width: 10px;height: 10px;background-color: rgba(179, 233, 255, 0.5);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">按照总体规划的要求，转河的功能定位：一是满足河道防洪排水的要求；二是承担为北护城河、北土城沟、“六海”及北郊四湖的输水功能；三是环境功能。根据1993年国务院批准的《北京城市总体规划》，北环水系河道为风景观赏河道，它是人们进行文化交流活动、休憩健身以及娱乐的载体，是重要的城市景观走廊；四是实现北环水系通航的关键河段；五是改善区域小气候、补充涵养地下水源。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;padding-right: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-bottom: 1px dashed rgb(142, 123, 80);padding-right: 5px;margin-right: 3px;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(113, 13, 42);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">转河治理的理念</strong></p></section><section style="margin-top: -7px;margin-right: -10px;margin-left: auto;width: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: rotate(0deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(0deg);-moz-transform: rotate(0deg);-o-transform: rotate(0deg);margin-left: -3px;width: 7px;height: 7px;background-color: rgba(255, 189, 218, 0.5);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin-top: -4px;width: 10px;height: 10px;background-color: rgba(179, 233, 255, 0.5);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">转河治理以“恢复生态、以人为本、人水相亲、和谐自然”为设计理念，是城市河道生态治理的开端，运用多种生态治理的方法，实现了水利、生态、文化、环境四大功能。实现了以“长河遗梦”为主题的六大景区。恢复和保护历史古迹长河故道、高梁桥、绮红堂码头，采用生态护岸，形成浅水湾，种植水生植物。形成景色各异，如诗如画的城市河道景观带。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eMqntmtPVPBeA32ucDzc8HfoAyWefXpZ1gjg5UopMFLfSSVl91WWQOFrfpMECG66rYx0ZHK1ffONA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">图4  转河总平面图</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;padding-right: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-bottom: 1px dashed rgb(142, 123, 80);padding-right: 5px;margin-right: 3px;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(113, 13, 42);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">转河工程治理效果</strong></p></section><section style="margin-top: -7px;margin-right: -10px;margin-left: auto;width: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: rotate(0deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(0deg);-moz-transform: rotate(0deg);-o-transform: rotate(0deg);margin-left: -3px;width: 7px;height: 7px;background-color: rgba(255, 189, 218, 0.5);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin-top: -4px;width: 10px;height: 10px;background-color: rgba(179, 233, 255, 0.5);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="text-align: justify;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">（1）转河工程的实施，沟通了北环水系长河与北护城河，提高城北地区的城市供水和防洪能力；恢复转河的历史，保护和展示了首都的古都风貌。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="text-align: justify;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">（2）通过开挖转河，亮出水面，增加绿化面积，实现了污水截流，营造良好的水环境，沿河两岸形成水清岸绿、风景优美的花园式景区。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="text-align: justify;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">（3）打破了传统治水的思路，体现了从功能水利向资源水利、生态水利、景观水利的转变。提出了生态治理的理念，实现了多目标的共赢。具有显著的社会效益和生态效益。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icKFe0wqE4eMqntmtPVPBeA32ucDzc8HficAnswRBhQ4EKcOZSIEEUsXJUltznJRsia0x4pePrtAvkpObhzeaKrWQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p>
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