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                        <section style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: white;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; vertical-align: top; letter-spacing: 15px; line-height: 1; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" padding: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="height: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgba(38, 53, 73, 0.862745);"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="letter-spacing: 3px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一<span style="color: rgb(17, 17, 17); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 19.44px; white-space: pre-wrap; font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">°</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(17, 17, 17); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 19.44px; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);"></span><span style="line-height: 24px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);">览<span style="line-height: 24px; font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">°</span>众<span style="line-height: 24px; font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">°</span>山<span style="line-height: 24px; font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">°</span>小</span></span></strong></span></section><section style="text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box;">SustainableCity & Transportation</span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" padding: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="height: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgba(38, 53, 73, 0.862745);"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 100%; padding: 1em 10px; box-sizing: border-box; background-image: url("http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/mee9Bdh9Tia8eLBxvdRq9nbEoyLib4UbEt1zIQf6noPcete7Msw9S8bqDWABEqsOoT8Vr5vJt3pG0q5DkU7oUMicA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg"); background-attachment: scroll; background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87); background-size: 100%; background-position: 50% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 12px; color: rgb(8, 8, 8); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">     编辑团队</strong></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; max-width: 100%; border-color: rgb(8, 8, 8); border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 原文/ MARK BYRNES  翻译/ 情歌 </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 文献/ 杨钦宇  校核/ 众山小</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 编辑/ 众山小  排版/ 古佳玉</section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="group-empty" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"> </section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 38.2%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; width: 80%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/mee9Bdh9Tia8eLBxvdRq9nbEoyLib4UbEt7cemst5DrCCykojjHWpq7gsQC58DKjlF8vQefH9RSQsg3fib2r8D55A/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="1" data-w="170"  /></section></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 61.8%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: block; float: left; padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px; line-height: 1; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(31, 156, 202); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">译者萌像&导读：</strong></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="display: block; min-height: 4.5em !important; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">今天我们向大家介绍的是和地图相关的两篇文章。则一介绍的是关于对美国国会图书馆制图专家John Hessler的访谈，结合地图和未来计算机制图等相关课题内容展开，可以看到科学技术发展对制图产生的影响，以及地图行业未来的发展如何。</section></section></section></section></section><section style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; padding-top: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; width: 90%; margin: 0px auto; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="width: 16px; height: 16px; float: left; margin-top: -10px; box-sizing: border-box; background-image: url("http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/mee9Bdh9Tia8eLBxvdRq9nbEoyLib4UbEtnib6aP0vYCHSnPzVA0HVbCLSVewQBUPmgicNdbzxib0Cn3ocv8Fx8vuMg/0?wx_fmt=png"); background-size: cover; background-position: 50% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><section style="width: 100%; height: 100%; overflow: hidden; box-sizing: border-box;"> <img style="width: 100%; height: 100%; opacity: 0; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/mee9Bdh9Tia8eLBxvdRq9nbEoyLib4UbEtnib6aP0vYCHSnPzVA0HVbCLSVewQBUPmgicNdbzxib0Cn3ocv8Fx8vuMg/0?wx_fmt=png" data-ratio="1" data-w="16"  /></section></section><section style="width: 80%; height: 3px; margin: 0px auto; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(31, 156, 202); border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(31, 156, 202); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="width: 16px; height: 16px; float: right; margin-top: -10px; box-sizing: border-box; background-image: url("http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/mee9Bdh9Tia8eLBxvdRq9nbEoyLib4UbEtAMMcDkPaN1kJHmDRZ8xQ4H50o3OrdDSFLLz3RQaiagiaGibT5Pm6euiaZg/0?wx_fmt=png"); background-size: cover; background-position: 50% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><section style="width: 100%; height: 100%; overflow: hidden; box-sizing: border-box;"> <img style="width: 100%; height: 100%; opacity: 0; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/mee9Bdh9Tia8eLBxvdRq9nbEoyLib4UbEtAMMcDkPaN1kJHmDRZ8xQ4H50o3OrdDSFLLz3RQaiagiaGibT5Pm6euiaZg/0?wx_fmt=png" data-ratio="1" data-w="16"  /></section></section><section style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">本文是与John Hessler的访谈记录，John是一位美国国会图书馆的制图专家，也是新书《地图：探索世界》的作者之一。</section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/mee9Bdh9Tia8eLBxvdRq9nbEoyLib4UbEtWpicrMcbGia5vJsSo6XZ0zt5pb6FGDcjiaLh3UOyFqO8BWQtUowickyiczg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.4028776978417266" data-w=""  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图一、左边：一幅John Audjo绘制的维苏威火山地图（1832年）。右边：飓风卡特琳娜造成的洪涝灾害预估淹没的深度和区域（2005）（奥塔哥大学， NOAA（美国国家海洋和大气管理局））</em></strong></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">世界上很少人能够像John Hessler做到那样了解地图的方式。这位美国国会图书馆的“现代空间制图与地理信息科学” 学家，可以在看到一幅文艺复兴时期的地图、点位矩阵制成的地图或者是Minercraft（我的世界）游戏地图的同时，解释每幅地图表示什么以及它们之间是怎么联系的。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">Hessler和一个团队的撰稿人一起出版了一个令人惊讶题目的制图百科全书，《地图：探索世界》（$59.95,菲登出版社，购买链接: http://uk.phaidon.com/store/general-non-fiction/map-9780714869445/）。在这本书里面，作者用300幅地图讲述了一个5000年人类历史的故事，只是不按时间顺序。地图的绘制将每个时代、地方和主题用书页的串联起来。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/mee9Bdh9Tia8eLBxvdRq9nbEoyLib4UbEtGq0DPjIKibQlpudpq4CHMuBqBaySGicdCEhjuYuJEib2nA1PpU2TVXCZw/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="1.1387096774193548" data-w="310"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/mee9Bdh9Tia8eLBxvdRq9nbEoyLib4UbEtDxVVmXaOiaPntD0wrlrMVtnxWkSPDJ7jTNV6EBwvxBSPgp8ibsR0XrCA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.5845323741007195" data-w=""  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/mee9Bdh9Tia8eLBxvdRq9nbEoyLib4UbEtZPn7YZCKrllgdFKHWiabZF1iacdwTkAOK6cXumQ8SlTFpPaFfJUU93ibw/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.5845323741007195" data-w=""  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图二、《地图：探索世界》（菲登出版社）</em></strong></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">前一分钟，你还在比较一幅在1631年根据维苏威火山熔岩流绘制的手绘地图和1831年卡特琳娜飓风造成洪涝灾害的彩色卫星影像。翻页之后，你则又开始比较1875年美国的“Porcinegraph”和墨西哥2013年的“Tacografia”。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">由于数字化工具的增强使得《地图：探索世界》的串联感觉特别让人满意并且让它变得更容易被我们接受：风在吹，疾病爆发在蔓延，更好地使这些地理意象进入我们的脑海里了。科学技术在改变，但是需求却并没有什么不同。“一般而言，你仍然需要从复杂的世界里抽象出要素并且将它可视化，”Hessler说道，“我认为视觉效果依旧是它的关键所在。”</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市实验室（CityLab）最近来到Hessler位于美国国会图书馆的办公室与他谈论关于《地图：探索世界》这本书，他自己的工作以及是什么激发了他现在关于制图的兴趣：</section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: hidden; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" transform: rotate(3deg); -webkit-transform: rotate(3deg); -moz-transform: rotate(3deg); -o-transform: rotate(3deg); margin: 10px 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style=" transform: rotate(-3deg); -webkit-transform: rotate(-3deg); -moz-transform: rotate(-3deg); -o-transform: rotate(-3deg); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 100%; padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: white;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一、 这本书是怎么来的？</strong></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">当菲登出版社为了出一本关于谈论制图的发展找到我的时候，我们开始谈论地图的定义，什么是地图以及这本书应该包含什么，所以我们前前后后有很多哲学意义上的关于“地图”这个词的性质的讨论。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/mee9Bdh9Tia8eLBxvdRq9nbEoyLib4UbEtKrtgetPaXnxCXf8jg4KrPpTmiaHxC7cVS4fUj9o7GFkZ9tS30fTkunw/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.38848920863309355" data-w=""  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图三、从曼哈顿地图来映射我丢失的手套，2013，Becky Cooper。（致谢：Patricia Marx）</em></strong></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">然后如何来组织素材的问题就出现了，按照时间顺序来组织，对我而言似乎没有什么意义，对他们也是一样，因为之前这种方式已经用了太多次了。我们想做的是对分布在两个页面的两幅地图进行比较和对比。我认为那是这本书的优点：它展示给你过去很长一段时间内地图完成的各种主题方式。一幅维苏威火山熔岩流爆发的地图在这一页上而另一边则是卡特琳娜到来地面上第九区的洪涝地图。它们相隔了两个半世纪，但是现在你可以同时看到这两幅利用最好的技术完成的自然灾害地图。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: hidden; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" transform: rotate(3deg); -webkit-transform: rotate(3deg); -moz-transform: rotate(3deg); -o-transform: rotate(3deg); margin: 10px 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style=" transform: rotate(-3deg); -webkit-transform: rotate(-3deg); -moz-transform: rotate(-3deg); -o-transform: rotate(-3deg); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 100%; padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: white;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">二、 把这些素材组合一本书花了多久？</strong></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">菲登出版社是极其高效的。这本书真的仅仅用了不到一年时间就完成了。这是一本漂亮的书，也希望它比你正常看到的“历史上伟大的地图”这类东西更美丽。我希望我们能推出人们以前从来没看过的东西。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/mee9Bdh9Tia8eLBxvdRq9nbEoyLib4UbEtsa7XsbSma2QlS3hJI1LG2q3XAa4dibKl407uDAumW2Cm6ykz0lmXjMg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.6726618705035972" data-w=""  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图四、西非流动人口与埃博拉病毒的蔓延，2015，Flowminder基金会。（致谢：Flowminder基金会和WorldPop项目）</em></strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: hidden; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" transform: rotate(3deg); -webkit-transform: rotate(3deg); -moz-transform: rotate(3deg); -o-transform: rotate(3deg); margin: 10px 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style=" transform: rotate(-3deg); -webkit-transform: rotate(-3deg); -moz-transform: rotate(-3deg); -o-transform: rotate(-3deg); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 100%; padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: white;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">三、 你现在正在从事什么研究？</strong></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">很多内容，由于我是国会图书馆的现代制图专家，就要求我既要在数字数据库当中获取现相关信息又要跟上技术发展的趋势。另外，我正在做输入和输出学科的数据库集合，这看起来很有趣而且它适用于某一时刻的图书馆建设。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">目前我的主要研究领域是GIS的拓扑基础，地理信息科学的理论基础。我也正在主持一个项目，“计算机绘图程序的历史”。这个项目包括了要收集基本上在19世纪60年代和70年代开始电脑制图的人的所有论文收稿和算法，多亏了IBM360磁带库。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">“我们可以做各种各样的事情使得地图变得有生命一般。”</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: hidden; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" transform: rotate(3deg); -webkit-transform: rotate(3deg); -moz-transform: rotate(3deg); -o-transform: rotate(3deg); margin: 10px 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style=" transform: rotate(-3deg); -webkit-transform: rotate(-3deg); -moz-transform: rotate(-3deg); -o-transform: rotate(-3deg); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 100%; padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: white;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">四、 你在这些IBM磁带中发现了什么？</strong></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">计算机制图在地图制作中创造了一场真正的革命。在15到16世纪，人们开始把地图印刷在纸上。虽然随着印刷技术的提高，测量技术的提高，它的效果越来越好，但是对于这一时期的大部分地图，还都是印刷在纸上的纸质地图。你可以做很多视觉展示和华丽的风格，但是对于大部分效果会被纸质地图这种地图形式所限制。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">但是在19世纪60年代和70年代，随着计算机的发展，计算机制图开始爆发了。因此现在你可以增加动态效果，三维效果，我们可以做各种各样的事情使得地图变得有生命一般。我们开始绘制不再有地球或天体基础的地图：而是像互联网搜索、手机引擎和社交媒体连接到一起这样的地图。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">在那个时候有很多这样的东西[早期计算机制图]真的引起了很多反复讨论，有很多的自由思考和实验在进行——特别是在真正把地理信息系统和地图结合的哈佛的计算机图形实验室中。我仅是看他们的一些想法，想法背后的哲学，还有他们的一些死胡同。有很多纯粹的几乎没有任何与制图相关的数学论文，但他们认为也许有一个关于制图的算法或一些真正深刻的内在。当一个领域处于革命的时期，所有的实验都很有趣。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/mee9Bdh9Tia8eLBxvdRq9nbEoyLib4UbEtRWvibKM75gZvLYibqSFEHjoUOKictdhicr7ov6WP57LXXJ1otkMTW1K81w/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.6097122302158273" data-w=""  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图五、日光灯地图，2005，Olafur Eliasson。（致谢：这名艺术家在neugerriemschneider艺术展和Tanya Bonakdar画廊的作品）</em></strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: hidden; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" transform: rotate(3deg); -webkit-transform: rotate(3deg); -moz-transform: rotate(3deg); -o-transform: rotate(3deg); margin: 10px 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style=" transform: rotate(-3deg); -webkit-transform: rotate(-3deg); -moz-transform: rotate(-3deg); -o-transform: rotate(-3deg); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 100%; padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: white;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">五、 在这本书里有早期计算机制图的地图吗？</strong></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">这本书里没有多少早期计算机制图的成分。最后出现的并且现在仍然存在计算机制图的真的是好东西。这很大部分原因是因为视觉效果。如果你看到一些最早的计算机时代的地图，他们并不具备有视觉吸引力。在第一次实际计算机制图印刷的时候，它们采用的是点阵印刷。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">有一个19世纪60年代哈佛开发的叫做SYMAP的计算机程序同时他们也有关于这个程序的函授课程教授你学习如何使用它并发送给你程序作测试。特区警察局在这个国家中，第一个开始使用它绘制犯罪统计的图表。这很有趣因为它们与收入和房价相关，这也有点惊人。这在1968或1970的时候是相当复杂的。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: hidden; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" transform: rotate(3deg); -webkit-transform: rotate(3deg); -moz-transform: rotate(3deg); -o-transform: rotate(3deg); margin: 10px 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style=" transform: rotate(-3deg); -webkit-transform: rotate(-3deg); -moz-transform: rotate(-3deg); -o-transform: rotate(-3deg); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 100%; padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: white;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">六、 互联网在复杂计算机制图当中起到了多大的作用？</span></strong><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">互联网是重要的一部分不仅仅是因为视觉效果同时也是因为它提供了更多公众参与的渠道。危机地图和埃博拉地图<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(95, 156, 239); box-sizing: border-box;">（参考文献1，请联系我们索取）</span></strong>之类的众包地图真的是有效应的。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">但是它仅仅是改变了一切的计算能力。制图和数据可视化之间的界限是模糊的。有很多各种各样的美学融入到制图表达中，这是以前从未有过的。这是一个爆炸的领域。我这学期的教学课程是Johns Hopkins大脑图谱，这甚至包含了我们大脑里的图谱。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/mee9Bdh9Tia8eLBxvdRq9nbEoyLib4UbEtRc3eiaJUL60ln2d0ccKCzE1HMhZ7JhfFf5Ht6FPZeQHZB412jXhib9IQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.8255395683453237" data-w=""  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图六、大脑图谱，2014，人脑连接组工程。致谢：神经影像实验室和Martinos生物医学成像中心。这些有你特别着迷的时代或者制图人员吗？</em></strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></em></strong></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">在我职业生涯的早期，我在写文艺复兴时期的地图，但是现在我真正感兴趣的是打破今天制图设计并且它是如何应用到更多不同的东西当中，比如Minecraft。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">然后还有这样的东西类似危机映射的东西，这真的很惊人。如果你看到这本书里Facebook的地图，你会看到整个世界的地理位置通过朋友的关系连接起来了。当你开始关注你说的，‘噢，这就是世界，’但是当你仔细看的时候，<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">你会发现在这个由人类随机建立的社交关系连接起来的世界里没有中国，没有俄罗斯！</strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">我们已经将全球定位系统和卫星定位精确地映射到地球上，但真正的进步是我们如何表达空间数据，并能理解它告诉我们什么。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">我也对艺术家们使用的制图非常着迷。像Ai Weiwei的地图和他想通过地图说明的事情。这本书里我最爱的地图之一是未命名的地图（Guilermo Kuitca的作品），在床垫上画的地图。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/mee9Bdh9Tia8eLBxvdRq9nbEoyLib4UbEt0uSxogRDWUHV0T4FiaRk2HoPLVEO7RJMGdmBdXfTboFZcbKorpvTgxw/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.5377697841726619" data-w=""  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图七、在床垫上画的地图</em></strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: hidden; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" transform: rotate(3deg); -webkit-transform: rotate(3deg); -moz-transform: rotate(3deg); -o-transform: rotate(3deg); margin: 10px 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style=" transform: rotate(-3deg); -webkit-transform: rotate(-3deg); -moz-transform: rotate(-3deg); -o-transform: rotate(-3deg); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 100%; padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: white;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">七、 国会图书馆是否搜集了艺术地图？</strong></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">我们不需要处理纯艺术家地图。我们有各种各样的文学和艺术图，但对于大多数人，他们更倾向于更传统的塑造。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: hidden; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" transform: rotate(3deg); -webkit-transform: rotate(3deg); -moz-transform: rotate(3deg); -o-transform: rotate(3deg); margin: 10px 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style=" transform: rotate(-3deg); -webkit-transform: rotate(-3deg); -moz-transform: rotate(-3deg); -o-transform: rotate(-3deg); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 100%; padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: white;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">八、 国会图书馆已经很难跟上新的数字地图和分类？</strong></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">我们是可以做得到的。我们现在获得了一个更好的处理方式包括在收集和图书馆里的一切东西，你总是跟随在生产物质的人后面一步一步走。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">当这些地图是被制作成CD或者你的数据库存储在CD里的时候是很容易的，但是现在的一切都是直接通过服务器和嵌入式网页。国家测绘调查，国会和国务院将会使用的大比例尺的地图——就像过去常常是面包和黄油放在一起——不再是只生产纸质版地图了。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">这是一个确保在服务器上的，保持追踪和收集的物质，并且你有元数据关联着，因此你知道那是什么。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/mee9Bdh9Tia8eLBxvdRq9nbEoyLib4UbEtoFd142Kased0ybjeF2y6VVJam0Dqz4JknOwAZSsnAIjxicjg15Pdk6A/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.5629496402877698" data-w=""  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图八、航班的飞行模式，2005，Aaron Koblin（致谢：Aaron Koblin）是否有从传统的、地理根源的地图到今天的数据地图的映射原则？</em></strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">现在，人们可以有更多的创意，更复杂的创意。过去人们不得不担心距离和度量和尺度，但现在与网络和类似的事物一样，你只需要考虑连接的映射关系。你不用担心这些事物离你有多遥远。新地图中的一些原则甚至比那些在几年前的人还更抽象。但基本原则仍然包括对于世界上一个复杂事物，你会选择一个视觉二维投影转化为一个点。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">“这好像地理距离已经消失了一般。”</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: hidden; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" transform: rotate(3deg); -webkit-transform: rotate(3deg); -moz-transform: rotate(3deg); -o-transform: rotate(3deg); margin: 10px 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style=" transform: rotate(-3deg); -webkit-transform: rotate(-3deg); -moz-transform: rotate(-3deg); -o-transform: rotate(-3deg); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 100%; padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: white;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">九、 这些日子以来，谷歌地球对于地图有什么样的影响？</strong></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">当“蓝色弹珠”的照片第一次被人们看到，这将改变人们的生态观同时也因为这张照片使得每个人变成一个环保主义者。过去能看到这幅影像是非常大的工作而现在它已经变得相当普遍以至于几乎没有人会认为从那个角度看地球或者创造那幅影像的技术是有多么令人难以置信。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/mee9Bdh9Tia8eLBxvdRq9nbEoyLib4UbEtyANQj44Da9vkyxice1PoPbBa4Vv8uGb3I7LVicicUGiahdsAEL8ia5O5FiaQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.552158273381295" data-w=""  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图九、Tweetping，2013，Franck Ernewein。（致谢：Tweetping.net）</em></strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">在40年的时间里，花了无数个小时，每一次对我们来自的这个星球拍照和扫描一行，为了把这幅景象呈现在网上。这改变了人们对于宇宙空间的视角。人们不再考虑距离，似乎地理距离已经消失了。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">这将宇宙空间放到我们的面前，好像变成了我们不再需要思考距离感的日常事物。我认为这就像人们想快速到达一个地方时候对汽车的失望的原因一样，因为他们如此地习惯以至于觉得距离已经不存在了。我们成为了受限于空间的动物，我们成为了走到哪都要追踪自己足迹的人类。当你准备跑步时，你的手机有小耐克的东西挂着，当你使用Twitter的时候，无论在哪都能使用它的定位信息。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: hidden; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" transform: rotate(3deg); -webkit-transform: rotate(3deg); -moz-transform: rotate(3deg); -o-transform: rotate(3deg); margin: 10px 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style=" transform: rotate(-3deg); -webkit-transform: rotate(-3deg); -moz-transform: rotate(-3deg); -o-transform: rotate(-3deg); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); width: 100%; padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: white;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">十、 到目前为止你遇到过最独特的地图是什么？</span></strong></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">制图已经扩展到以前曾经是世界的地步了然而现在这是个无限的领域。不仅仅是为了寻路而存在。制图仍然是映射着这里是什么，那里是什么，但是制图也已经成长为一个科学领域。一个人可以探究制作一张地图并且说，“这就是人们在这个空间里的行为方式，这里的影子是怎么样出现的，这里的交通又是如何的。”我们正在建设一个模拟的世界。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">对我来说，那些是最令人兴奋的事情就是，例如风土，就是一个近乎完美的设计地图，这是迷人的。它是如此简单但又使用了这么多的数据来生成。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="color: rgb(95, 156, 239); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">我们为本文提供的免费下载资料有：</strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">1、《解说：埃博拉病毒监控的突破--移动网络数据的潜能与挑战》</strong></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/mee9Bdh9Tia8eLBxvdRq9nbEoyLib4UbEtvej7xMibstiboPZOUZsgaQicZyoM818nG8FTaibpAI2fA7TopR46GLE77g/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="1.4282907662082516" data-w="509"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/mee9Bdh9Tia8eLBxvdRq9nbEoyLib4UbEtrgo5EegNRIUUTDcibo2hicHCzPMKtt2JFQTck1DhpGtA8gDpMpibe0cGw/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="1.4215686274509804" data-w="510"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="width: 2.8em; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/mee9Bdh9Tia8eLBxvdRq9nbEoyLib4UbEtg3DMwP7LxBhxuhrfV7hlPSZyeYADr7iblfx9EE3SD4L80icFqIx8AAIw/0?wx_fmt=png" class="" data-ratio="0.35555555555555557" data-w="45"  /> <section style="width: 100%; border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: dotted; border-top-color: rgb(31, 156, 202); margin-top: -0.2em; box-sizing: border-box; background: url("http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/mee9Bdh9Tia8eLBxvdRq9nbEoyLib4UbEt2hLC0JZwCu9C7L8fYwmf2xvlwqeNSgezKe1Apia9T7wF3UOYIw9nKeg/0?wx_fmt=png") repeat-x;" class=""></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="color: rgb(95, 156, 239); font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">如有需要请联系我们微信号@SustainableCity或电邮daizongliu@qq.com </strong></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/mee9Bdh9Tia8eLBxvdRq9nbEoyLib4UbEtiaoQZ9Zt6RDEtDQSODeyOmZKvJhZ1SxRiaK59MkbtwNwtwNz1wQtQwZw/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="1.7805755395683454" data-w=""  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="color: rgb(95, 156, 239); font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">购买2015上半年刊，请点击阅读原文......</section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 2.2em; height: 2.2em; border: 0.12em solid rgb(225, 224, 224); border-radius: 50%; margin: auto; padding-top: 0.5em; box-shadow: rgb(194, 190, 190) 0px 0.2em 0.2em; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="width: 100%; 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"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; width: 70%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/mee9Bdh9Tia8eLBxvdRq9nbEoyLib4UbEtT3Sg5iaeOrm7cnQy5F3llNtuyLdJmJ0IiaMVjEzibpQX4bGn1GfBAgKeg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.9180327868852459" data-w="366"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;">「 欢迎投稿 」</section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; 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