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<section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0% -45px;transform: translate3d(10px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(10px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(10px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(10px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;width: 20%;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/ibdVDFCicPvE1MMTuibZD7dcFMyvQymWDlSuwRdmiaRibrd40J36DK7Qkk9UnibrFk28L5qfKyCDmGdVSNUXWuJyffKg/640?wx_fmt=png?x-oss-process=style/xmwebp" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 8px 0% 18px;padding-left: 0.5em;padding-right: 0.5em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;width: 100%;border-width: 4px;border-style: solid;border-color: white;box-shadow: rgb(102, 102, 102) 3.53553px 3.53553px 8px;display: inline-block;height: auto !important;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tiaicc0r4nzSUp0OOXTvVFiaWugooOAL7YB0vCeTArNL7x0QeM3xGTsyEWPoPRbEZWNdCIJ2YC9HaM4Ig/640?wx_fmt=jpegwebp" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tiaicc0r4nzSUp0OOXTvVFiaWugq3Y5Y3JK0uCgXRTLqob5X17nF3aHvqIT9ksKsosQbHFwBfEf3cUUFw/640?wx_fmt=png?x-oss-process=style/xmwebp" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 98%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: transparent;padding: 0px 10px 10px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(170, 170, 170) 0px 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 50%;padding: 0px 5px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;width: 80%;border-width: 0px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8an30tTVwmXBnmHjs4wsdnHu6JQWbicniaVQicU5CUyTRJga1HfbfeAsVcF7CvykAicRdQBcxKicYn1sA/640?wx_fmt=jpegwebp" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 50%;padding: 0px 0px 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;width: 80%;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tiaicc0r4nzSUp0OOXTvVFiaWug3SGUKS1jVX8Q9RNp80kG0CsPo3rK3MYcBVQ3vXPTgSMhicojJ4vNaZg/640?wx_fmt=jpegwebp" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 30px 0% 18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 90%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(192, 200, 209);padding: 10px;background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(220, 221, 221) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;border-radius: 100%;background-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;font-size: 15px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">编辑团队</strong></p></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 6px;height: 6px;border-radius: 100%;background-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0px 0% 3px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 12px;padding: 0px;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 1.5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(55, 120, 153);box-sizing: border-box;">原文</span>/ Renate van der Zee   <span style="color: rgb(55, 120, 153);box-sizing: border-box;">翻译</span>/ 王怡婷</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(55, 120, 153);box-sizing: border-box;">文献</span>/ 解珊珊   <span style="color: rgb(55, 120, 153);box-sizing: border-box;">校验</span>/ 众山小</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(55, 120, 153);box-sizing: border-box;">编辑</span>/ 众山小   <span style="color: rgb(55, 120, 153);box-sizing: border-box;">排版</span>/ 黄云萍</p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0px 0% -26px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 20%;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding: 0px 1px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 13px;margin: 3px 0px;text-align: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-color: rgb(61, 122, 171);text-align: center;width: 1.8em;height: 1.8em;line-height: 1.8em;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">一</p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 20%;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding: 0px 0px 0px 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 4px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市</p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 20%;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding: 0px 1px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 4px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">交通</p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 20%;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding: 0px 0px 0px 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 13px;margin: 3px 0%;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: transparent;background-color: rgb(61, 122, 171);text-align: center;width: 1.8em;height: 1.8em;line-height: 1.8em;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">览</p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(218, 218, 218);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(218, 218, 218);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(218, 218, 218);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(218, 218, 218);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(218, 218, 218);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(218, 218, 218);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="padding: 10px;margin-top: -40px;margin-left: 1.5em;margin-right: 1.5em;background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;border-style: groove;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 30px;border-color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(31, 163, 196);font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(55, 120, 153);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">导读</strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">上世纪60年代阿姆斯特丹也曾是一座小汽车主导的城市，但日益增多的交通事故导致的儿童伤亡引发了社会人士强烈的不满，在相关社会团体不懈的呼吁下，城市管理者逐步转变了观念，开始发展以自行车为主的可持续交通模式。本文详细介绍了阿姆斯特丹如何从小汽车上的城市发展成自行车之都，今天在石油资源日益萎缩和汽车尾气污染逐渐严重的背景下，其倡导以自行车为主的可持续交通模式具有很大的借鉴意义。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 41%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 18%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 40px;height: 40px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(197, 36, 36);border-radius: 100%;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-shadow: rgb(189, 189, 189) 1.87303px 4.63592px 3px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;margin: 4px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;width: 100%;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/FrFrXqYO9ia5gmKX5KauNPFeLEiaRmsGia0d3BYbS0EPBt5TX6kpuxiclFUCXx9rqzfwj7xXv3Y3EhBLQE8jSfX3aQ/640?wx_fmt=png?x-oss-process=style/xmwebp" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 41%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8an30tTVwmXBnmHjs4wsdnnxqk2ns0Geew6LIPwXTrO2lsEAyH6vjETXTjdjUFiavRIbHAfXHbu6Q/640?wx_fmt=jpegwebp" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(75, 73, 73);letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图一、1972年，一群社会活动人士在阿姆斯特丹众议院抗议，此举是为了阻止小汽车成为儿童谋杀的罪魁祸首。一年前，共有400余名儿童丧生于交通事故。图：Fotocollectie Anefo/Society for the Nationaal Archief</em></strong><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(110, 115, 117);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"></span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">去过阿姆斯特丹市中心的人都知道：这座城市属于自行车。在市中心，成群结队的自行车穿梭于大街小巷，几乎不受交通规则的约束，令机动车在这座城市寸步难行。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">然而，把阿姆斯特丹打造成自行车之都并非易事。为了让自行车成为人们首选的出行方式，阿姆斯特丹精心打造了我四通八达的自行车道路网，甚至儿童和老人也首选自行车出行，其安全和舒适度可见一斑。除了阿姆斯特丹，荷兰的其他城市也都修建了安全畅通的自行车道路网。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">尽管荷兰人认为大力倡导自行车、限制小汽车的举措理所当然，然而情况并非如此，在20世纪50和60年代，荷兰城市里的小汽车数量激增，自行车一度受到排挤。最终在一系列行动和公共决策事件的主导下，阿姆斯特丹才成为了今天众所周知的自行车之都。</p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8an30tTVwmXBnmHjs4wsdnTp6n0gibWttRr1eLkjlOOQFtTQu6NmPHaIsARHJ2fVy0g1XwrYg1gdg/640?wx_fmt=jpegwebp" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(75, 73, 73);letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图二、上世纪50至70年代，阿姆斯特丹的自行车出行比例从80%跌落至20%。</em></strong><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(110, 115, 117);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 2;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在20世纪初，荷兰城市里的自行车数量远远多于小汽车，当时自行车被人们视为一种体面的出行方式。但战后荷兰的经济迅速发展，人们的收入也随着增加，越来越多的人购买了小汽车。与此同时，城市管理决策人员认为小汽车是未来主要的交通模式。在阿姆斯特丹，为了满足机动车的发展需求，整个社区被拆除。当时，自行车的使用比例以6%的速度逐年降低，人们普遍认为自行车会被小汽车取代，最终走向消失。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(36, 182, 218);box-sizing: border-box;">“街道不再属于住在附近的人们，而是属于来回穿梭的车辆。” ——Maartje van Putten，前欧洲议会议员</span></em></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">然而不久后，以小汽车为主导的交通模式其负面性逐渐显现。由小汽车引发的交通事故逐年增多，在1971年达到顶峰，这一年共有3300人丧失于交通事故，其中包括400多名儿童。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">由交通事故造成的生命损失引发了各种社会运动团体的抗议，其中最为著名的一个团体叫“停止儿童谋杀”，第一任负责人是荷兰前欧洲议会议员Maartje van Putten。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(36, 182, 218);box-sizing: border-box;">“那时我还是一名住在阿姆斯特丹的年轻妈妈，我目击过几起交通事故，其中有小孩受伤。我也见过一些社区被推倒来修建新的道路，我担心这种改变会影响我们的生活。街道不再属于住在附近的人们，而是属于来回穿梭的车辆，我对这种改变很愤怒”。 ——Maartje van Putten</span></em></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8an30tTVwmXBnmHjs4wsdnr9LFQXKqOgup0icUIV7iciaZVbJKA7YlYoZ3bJteETdAd6tHZRoqsiaVbQ/640?wx_fmt=jpegwebp" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(75, 73, 73);letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图三、上世纪60年代，规划师认为小汽车会成为未来主要的交通方式，城市大面积进行拆除为机动车通行提供条件。</em></strong></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(110, 115, 117);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 2;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">20世纪70年代，各种社会运动和非暴力反抗在荷兰盛行。其中，“停止儿童谋杀”这个团体发展迅速，通过组织自行车游行、占领交通事故多发地段以示对以小汽车为主导的交通模式的不满，除此，成员们还策划在特定的日子关闭街道以供儿童安全玩耍，并在街道上举办盛大的聚会，有趣的是，警察也会提供帮助。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">Van Putten表示，上个世纪70年代的荷兰当局非常亲民。“我们可以和议员们一起喝茶，他们会认真听取我们的想法。我们和社会积极人士以及街头手风琴艺人骑自行车到首相府，通过唱歌来呼吁为孩子提供更安全的街道，虽然在大厅就被拦下，但是首相走出来听到了我们的呼声。”</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(36, 182, 218);box-sizing: border-box;">我们拥有坚决的抗争信念，知道如何去呼吁，最终一定能争取到自行车道的建设。 ——Tom Godefrooij</span></em></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在荷兰政府的资助下，“停止儿童谋杀”团体建立了总部，致力于打造更安全的城市空间，由此诞生了一种新的对行人友好的街道–woonerf，其通过设置减速带和弯道强行减缓小汽车的速度。今天，这种街道虽已过时，但在荷兰的许多城市里仍能发现它的身影。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在“停止谋杀儿童”这个团体成立的两年后，另一团体—首个荷兰自行车友联盟成立，它要求为自行车提供更多的公共空间，比如在危险的交通地段引导自行车骑行，收集自行车在骑行中面临的各种问题。</p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8an30tTVwmXBnmHjs4wsdnRibDFHCIQc2Ju2gBR7XujKrRRiacuW6EvCY8IpmzOEJIhRDkZdyIo1NQ/640?wx_fmt=jpegwebp" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(75, 73, 73);letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图四、自行车出行比例在荷兰阿姆斯特丹占到了约38%，这一比例在伦敦仅为2%。图：Tony Burns/Getty Images/Lonely Planet Image</em></strong></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(110, 115, 117);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 2;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">Tom Godefrooij在年轻时加入了自行车友联盟，今年64岁的他仍能回忆起当年人们骑着三轮脚踏车、手持大喇叭浩浩荡荡进行游行的场面，以及晚上冒险在路面上刷自行车道标识的经历。他感叹道，他们的呼吁最终受到了城市决策者们的重视。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(36, 182, 218);box-sizing: border-box;">“虽然我们会被拘捕，但媒体会宣传整个事件，城市的决策者也就会知道。我们拥有坚决的抗争信念，知道如何去呼吁，最终一定能争取到自行车道的建设。其实在上世纪70年代，某些城市管理者已经前瞻性地预见到把重点放在小汽车上会导致一系列问题。” ——Tom Godefrooij</span></em></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">除了一些社会团体诸如“停止儿童谋杀”和自行车友联盟等大力倡导自行车交通，还有其他一些因素在推动自行车的发展，比如荷兰的平原地形及其温和的自然气候条件，造就了荷兰人依靠自行车出行的传统。同时由小汽车引发的交通事故频发不断，尾气污染的问题也开始显现。1973年，石油危机爆发，石油价格成倍上涨。为应对这一局面，荷兰首相呼吁民众节约能源，采用新的生活方式，随后政府宣布执行星期天无车日计划。</p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8an30tTVwmXBnmHjs4wsdnt1sSeWNMfzQicMHmOQryaWIEAuCL7HHC5dWDAme5ryvYjygWCt9Rt5g/640?wx_fmt=jpegwebp" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(75, 73, 73);letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图五、阿姆斯特丹现在拥有大约88.1万辆自行车。图：Timothy Clary/AFP/Getty</em></strong></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(110, 115, 117);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 2;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">此后，政府逐渐意识到了发展自行车带来的一系列好处，相关交通政策也开始向自行车倾斜。上世纪80年代，荷兰许多城镇开始引入一系列措施让人们骑自行车能更畅通地出行。海牙和蒂尔堡是荷兰首先建设自行车道的两座城市，但自行车出行总量并没有随之增加。随后，代尔夫特市建设了完整的自行车道网络，这一做法效果明显，更多的人开始使用自行车出行，其他城市也开始效仿代尔夫特市的做法。现在，荷兰的自行车道累计共3.5万多公里，自行车出行比例超过25%，而英国这一比例仅为2%。在阿姆斯特丹，自行车出行比例达到38%，在格罗宁根大学甚至达到59%，而且电动自行车的出现令自行车越来越受人们的喜爱。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">自行车友联盟现在已经发展壮大，共有34000名成员。发言人Wim Bot说，虽然目前已经取得了一定成果，但仍面临很多问题，许多现有自行车道由于不符合现代标准或不能满足需求而需要重新铺装，自行车停车也是一大难题，城市中需要提供更多的空间给自行车和行人。除此，经费也是一大难题，由于现有的城市交通设施并不能满足大规模的小汽车通行需求，亟需建设新的交通设施，然而规划师仍倾向于优先考虑小汽车，因为修建新的自行车隧道会产生额外支出。这表明，发展自行车可持续交通模式还有很长的路要走。</p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 45%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 22px 0% 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-top: 1px dashed rgb(185, 167, 121);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 10%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;width: 90%;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tiaicc0r4nzSUp0OOXTvVFiaWugUs2BbYHGmRqB9AaF9lqKe0jxwY995zHr2mGEqNF5QPiaFkzgHOot4DQ/640?wx_fmt=jpegwebp" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 45%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 22px 0% 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-top: 1px dashed rgb(185, 167, 121);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/rH8ZG9BGRicsefTNcibW7GRaKgHkjcsv4IicicNaSp6UFcuhIFaQ7wvF2eoJBBYYoyRjnKiaPNicpa6YbpVE7ChKLGew/640?wx_fmt=png?x-oss-process=style/xmwebp" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0% -45px;transform: translate3d(10px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(10px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(10px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(10px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;width: 20%;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/ibdVDFCicPvE1MMTuibZD7dcFMyvQymWDlSuwRdmiaRibrd40J36DK7Qkk9UnibrFk28L5qfKyCDmGdVSNUXWuJyffKg/640?wx_fmt=png?x-oss-process=style/xmwebp" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 8px 0% 18px;padding-left: 0.5em;padding-right: 0.5em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;width: 100%;border-width: 4px;border-style: solid;border-color: white;box-shadow: rgb(102, 102, 102) 3.53553px 3.53553px 8px;display: inline-block;height: auto !important;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tiaicc0r4nzSUp0OOXTvVFiaWugMbSHxKZzK2LZNicPsgFNYQbyXxuETTlwhjzrdUyFtpYaHG45ECCEUibg/640?wx_fmt=jpegwebp" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 15px 0%;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 15%;padding: 0px 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 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justify;color: rgb(97, 182, 204);font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">免费索取英文原文资料：</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">联系微信公众号 <em style="box-sizing: border-box;"></em><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">或电邮 <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Daizongliu@qq.com</em> </p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 90%;vertical-align: top;border-style: none;border-right-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-right-color: rgb(218, 214, 205);border-left-width: 1px;border-left-color: rgb(218, 214, 205);box-shadow: rgb(160, 160, 160) 0px 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;width: 45%;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tiaicc0r4nzSUp0OOXTvVFiaWug3SGUKS1jVX8Q9RNp80kG0CsPo3rK3MYcBVQ3vXPTgSMhicojJ4vNaZg/640?wx_fmt=jpegwebp" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 80%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 3px;padding: 0px 18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: rgb(117, 196, 200);box-sizing: border-box;">我们帮助</span><span style="background-color: rgb(117, 196, 200);box-sizing: border-box;">中国</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: rgb(117, 196, 200);box-sizing: border-box;">可持续发展</span></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市规划|城市交通|非机动交通</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">|活力街区与公共交通|</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">|量化城市与大数据|</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 80%;border-width: 1px;border-style: dashed;border-color: rgb(160, 160, 160);padding: 10px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);border-radius: 0px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 20%;box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 60%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 11px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">我们作为专业志愿者团体</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">秉承理想，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">帮助中国可持续发展，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">并为之贡献</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">? 理念与传播 ?</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">? 培训与教育 ?</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">? 实践与孵化 ?</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">欢迎加入我们</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 20%;box-sizing: border-box;"> </section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;width: 80%;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tiaicc0r4nzSUp0OOXTvVFiaWugNAqwLdySe83X5fraIttkhIof9CJqYqDQFkxLFFeh1Nfybadow6ok4w/640?wx_fmt=jpegwebp" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);letter-spacing: 1.5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2014-2018 ? 转载请注明：<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  />源自公众号“”</p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section>
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