国匠城工作台

当前：新闻编辑 | 格式化工具 | 查看本文

/h1

/h2

strong

/strong

<br />

<section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.8;padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: dotted;border-color: rgb(160, 160, 160);padding: 3px 10px 3px 5px;border-radius: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(160, 160, 160) 0px 0px 0px;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 35%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;width: 80%;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/KoH4xpDrnibDFJ1eiaOE7uX5fVibKZKfE0Ue9sDxWps4TRuoPxqVJticFMjrCR9uw1sBwpoicT8aCEAq12yhZs7n6AA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 65%;box-shadow: rgb(160, 160, 160) 0px 0px 0px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 5px;border-width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"></strong></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 13px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">ID:</p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 10px 15px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;background-image: url("http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/KoH4xpDrnibDFJ1eiaOE7uX5fVibKZKfE0U5yFallqap8te4PKdrZvBKkZxgRlHIaibPosTB1W1m4or5WjMyNgfh0A/640?wx_fmt=png");background-attachment: scroll;background-size: 68.3688%;background-position: 0% 0%;background-repeat: repeat;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">深化土地制度改革的七大突破口：</strong><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">第一，让市场决定土地资源配置；</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">第二，坚持公益性征地原则；</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">第三，放宽对农地入市的限制；</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">第四，赋予农民宅基地完整的用益物权；</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">第五，允许增减挂钩指标对村际省际交易；</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">第六，消除农地规模经营的障碍；</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">第七，土地修法要顶层设计上下一致。</p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.8;padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 17px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">现行土地制度推高了房价延缓了城市化</span></strong></span></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 3px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(7, 185, 235);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 0px;margin: auto;border-top: 9px solid rgb(7, 185, 235);border-left: 9px solid transparent !important;border-right: 9px solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 0px;margin-top: -10px;margin-right: auto;margin-left: auto;border-top: 9px solid rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;border-left: 9px solid transparent !important;border-right: 9px solid transparent !important;"></section></section></section></section><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px;border-style: solid;border-left-color: rgb(7, 185, 235);border-right-color: rgb(7, 185, 235);padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">现行土地制度推高房价。</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">任何单位和个人搞建设必须申请使用国有建设用地，<span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0);"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">政府是住宅用地的唯一供给者</span></strong></span>。政府对住宅建设用地的独家垄断必然导致高地价从而导致高房价。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">大量农村集体建设用地只有被征收为国有建设用地才能用于房地产开发。农村中存在着大量小产权房，但小产权房作为“三违建筑”被禁止入市交易。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px;border-style: solid;border-left-color: rgb(7, 185, 235);border-right-color: rgb(7, 185, 235);padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">住宅用地占城市建设用地的比例过低。</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">2016年我国城镇建设用地中居住用地、工业用地比例分别为31.7%、18.4%。国际上居住用地一般占比在50%左右，工业用地占比10%-15%。<span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0);"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">与国际上相比，我国居住用地比例明显偏低、工业用地比例偏高。</span></strong></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">美国居住用地比例在1980-2007年从未低于54%，日本1965年以来工业用地比例从未高于12%，2015年住宅用地比例曾达到61%。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0);"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市建设用地的逆市场化供给导致高房价。在刚需遏制不住的情况下，应该增加有效供给来抑制价格上涨。</span></strong></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px;border-style: solid;border-left-color: rgb(7, 185, 235);border-right-color: rgb(7, 185, 235);padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">人口与土地的区位错配。</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">2008年至2016年东部地区每年跨省外出的农民工数量不足1000万人，而中西部地区农民工外出人数约6500万，其中流向东部地区的人数达5960万。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">但是，<span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0);"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">每年新增建设用地的供给是相反的</span></strong></span>，由原来的70%向东部倾斜到现在是70%向中西部倾斜。<span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0);"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">由此导致中西部土地供大于求，造成大量的“空城”；东部的土地则供不应求，导致房价飙升。</span></strong></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px;border-style: solid;border-left-color: rgb(7, 185, 235);border-right-color: rgb(7, 185, 235);padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">高房价抑制了城市化进程。</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">2017年我国常住人口城镇率为58.52%，但户籍人口城镇化率只有42.35%，低于常住人口城镇化率16.17个百分点，二者之间的差额就是总数为2.23亿的农民工及其家属。<span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0);"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">这种半城市化导致一系列问题：包括留守儿童、留守妇女和留守老人。</span></strong></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px;border-style: solid;border-left-color: rgb(7, 185, 235);border-right-color: rgb(7, 185, 235);padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">宅基地的非用益物权化，堵塞了农民财产收入渠道。</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">农民对集体的宅基地只有使用权，没有完整用益物权，不能出租、转让、抵押；农民的宅基地只能在集体经济组织内部调剂；<strong><span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0);">由于宅基地不具有完整的用益物权，所以农民住宅的出租、出售和抵押也受到了法律限制</span></strong>；小产权房作为“三违建筑”不予确权登记颁证。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 17px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">深化土地制度改革的七大突破口</span></strong></span></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 3px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(7, 185, 235);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 0px;margin: auto;border-top: 9px solid rgb(7, 185, 235);border-left: 9px solid transparent !important;border-right: 9px solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 0px;margin-top: -10px;margin-right: auto;margin-left: auto;border-top-width: 9px;border-top-style: solid;border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;border-left-width: 9px !important;border-left-style: solid !important;border-left-color: transparent !important;border-right-width: 9px !important;border-right-style: solid !important;border-right-color: transparent !important;"></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px;border-style: solid;border-left-color: rgb(7, 185, 235);border-right-color: rgb(7, 185, 235);padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">第一，让市场决定土地资源配置。</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">中共中央十八届三中全会指出：经济体制改革的核心是处理好政府与市场的关系，让市场在资源配置中起决定性作用。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">土地是财富之母，劳动是财富之父，土地和劳动是最基本的两大原始资源，市场在资源配置中的决定性作用，首先应在土地和人口资源配置中体现出来。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 129, 36);box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0);"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">要让市场决定土地资源的配置，就要构建城乡统一的集体建设用地市场，淡化净化行政配置资源的色彩。</span></strong></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px;border-style: solid;border-left-color: rgb(7, 185, 235);border-right-color: rgb(7, 185, 235);padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">第二，坚持公益性征地原则。</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">宪法第十条明确规定，国家只有出于公共利益的需要才能依法征收或征用农村集体的土地，公共利益的需要仅仅是征收或征用农村集体土地的必要条件而不是充分条件；</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">但事实上这40年来，地方政府无论是公共利益的需要，还是非公共利益的需要，一律都采取征收的办法，把集体土地变成国有土地。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">其中绝大部分用于非公共利益的需要。下一步的改革要严格履行宪法，依法治国首先要依宪治国。<span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0);"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">即使是出于公共利益的需要必须征收农村集体的土地，也必须对被征地农民或集体给予公平、合理的补偿；不能说这是公共利益就让农民做牺牲。</span></strong></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px;border-style: solid;border-left-color: rgb(7, 185, 235);border-right-color: rgb(7, 185, 235);padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">第三，放宽对农地入市的限制。</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">2017年，我国城乡建设用地的构成：城镇用地9.6344万平方公里，村庄用地19.327万平方公里。<span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0);"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">我国农村集体建设用地是城镇的2倍多，而城市常住人口已经超过58%。</span></strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">这就意味着农村大量的建设用地是闲置、浪费的。</span></strong></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(255, 76, 0);">19.327万平方公里的村庄建设用地中存量集体经营性建设用地只有2.8万平方公里，仅占农村集体建设用地的14.5%</span>，且基本都已投入使用，仅靠这部分土地入市不足以形成城乡统一的建设用地市场以缓解城市建设用地供求矛盾。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(255, 76, 0);">农村宅基地占集体建设用地的70%以上。</span>随着越来越多的农村人口向城市转移，农村宅基地大量闲置。所以，<span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0);"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">赋予农村宅基地完整的用益物权，允许农民的宅基地出租、转让、抵押，并将其中至少三分之一超过农民自住需要的宅基地动态调整为经营性建设用地进入市场，则城市建设用地将增加50%</span></strong></span>，由现在的9万平方公里，增加至13.5万平方公里。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px;border-style: solid;border-left-color: rgb(7, 185, 235);border-right-color: rgb(7, 185, 235);padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">第四，赋予农民宅基地完整的用益物权。</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">《物权法》虽然首先在第一百一十七条对用益物权的权能下了一般定义：“用益物权人对他人所有的不动产或者动产，依法享有占有、使用和收益的权利”，但尔后对建设用地使用权和宅基地使用权的用益物权却做了不同的规定。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">实际上，《物权法》所谓的建设用地使用权仅指国有建设用地使用权，这种使用权具有前述用益物权的一般属性，并且可以转让、互换、出资、赠与或者抵押，而<span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0);"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">《物权法》所谓的宅基地使用权能不同于“住宅建设用地使用权”</span></strong></span>，后者作为国有建设用地的一个亚种拥有前述用益物权的一切权能，<span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0);"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">而前者作为农村集体所有的宅基地使用权，其使用权人只对集体所有的土地享有占有和使用的权利，没有收益权，更不可以转让、互换、出资、赠与或者抵押。</span></strong></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px;border-style: solid;border-left-color: rgb(7, 185, 235);border-right-color: rgb(7, 185, 235);padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">第五，允许增减挂钩指标对村际省际交易。</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">在市场经济体制下，偏远地区的宅基地不值钱，自然就复垦为农地。城市周边的土地值钱，自然就变成建设用地。但由于现在依然是计划手段控制着土地，退而求其次的方法就是增减挂钩。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0);"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">对于城镇建设用地的不足，可以通过将整治节余的农村建设用地以指标的方式转移到城镇使用。</span></strong></span>这样偏远地方的农民把宅基地指标卖给城市周边的农民，城市周边的农民按照规划直接把土地变成建设用地，这样两方的农民都可以从中得到好处，原来的土地出让金也等于重新分配。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0);"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">此外要建立增减挂钩指标跨省交易全国统一市场，要允许增减挂钩指标在村集体之间交易。</span></strong></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px;border-style: solid;border-left-color: rgb(7, 185, 235);border-right-color: rgb(7, 185, 235);padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">第六，消除农地规模经营的障碍。</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">政府不能强迫农民流转或放弃农地承包权，如《承包法》第26条第2款所规定的：</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">“承包期内，承包方全家迁入设区的市，转为非农业户口的，应当将承包的耕地和草地交回发包方。承包方不交回的，发包方可以收回承包的耕地和草地。”</strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0);"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">应该探索建立进城农民承包地、宅基地有偿退出机制，从而鼓励农村转移人口向大中城市集中。</span></strong></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">《承包法》中的这一条款正是需要通过总结农地“三权分置”的经验而加以修改的。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0);"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">此外，政府也不应限制农民土地承包权的流转。</span></strong></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">随着越来越多的农民进城务工落户和迁徙定居，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(255, 76, 0);">传统的村落有的兴盛，有的衰亡，彼此之间的合并重组已经不可避免，由此必然要求农地承包权的流转跨越原集体经济组织的界限</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">，甚至不同村落的集体土地所有权也难免会发生相应的转移和重组。农地制度的安排应该顺应这一城乡关系变革和农村传统社会变革的历史潮流。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px;border-style: solid;border-left-color: rgb(7, 185, 235);border-right-color: rgb(7, 185, 235);padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">第七，土地修法要顶层设计上下一致。</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">根据宪法第十条城市土地要归国家所有，集体土地入市，进入城市建设规划。所以要修法，</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0);"><br  /></span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0);">首先涉及的是宪法的相关修订。接下来，要修改《城市房地产管理法》《物权法》和《担保法》的相关条款</span></strong>，赋予农村宅基地使用权完整的用益物权权能，允许农村宅基地使用权出租、抵押、担保、继承和转让。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0);"><strong><br  /></strong></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0);"><strong>此外，修改《农地承包法》</strong></span>，赋予农地承包权自由流转的权能。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0);">最后，取消国务院及有关部门对城镇居民购买农村住宅或租地建房的规定</span></strong>，以促进城乡要素互动、城乡融合发展。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">作者简介</span></strong></p><hr  /><p><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;">蔡继明 全国人大财政经济委员会委员、清华大学政治经济学研究中心主任</span><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 40%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-top: 1px dotted rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 20%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 13px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">END</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 40%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-top: 1px dotted rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(9, 138, 43);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">欢迎投稿，投稿邮箱：xjxtd@126.com</strong></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="font-size: 15px;white-space: normal;line-height: 28.4444px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">来源：经济参考报</span></p><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" powered-by="gulangu" style="white-space: normal;font-size: 16px;line-height: 28.4444px;color: rgb(89, 89, 89);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" powered-by="gulangu" style="line-height: 28.4444px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" powered-by="gulangu" style="line-height: 28.4444px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" powered-by="gulangu" style="line-height: 28.4444px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class=""><p style="letter-spacing: 1.6px;color: rgb(14, 14, 14);line-height: 1.75em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: 14px;">新疆新土地城乡规划设计院  </span><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span><span style="font-size: 14px;"> 信息中心</span></p><p style="letter-spacing: 1.6px;color: rgb(14, 14, 14);text-align: center;line-height: 1.75em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span></p><p><br  /></p><p style="letter-spacing: 1.6px;color: rgb(14, 14, 14);text-align: center;line-height: 1.75em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(192, 0, 0);line-height: 24px;">近期文章推荐</strong></p><section data-id="85639" style="letter-spacing: 1.6px;color: rgb(14, 14, 14);text-align: center;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section style="margin: 20px 5px 5px;padding: 5px;border-radius: 2px;border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(33, 33, 34);box-sizing: border-box;"><section data-style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); white-space: normal; text-align: left; line-height: 1.75em;" style="padding: 20px;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: left;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1.6px;">☆ </span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.6px;">自然资源部三定方案揭晓</span></p><p style="text-align: left;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1.6px;">☆ </span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.6px;">街道精细化，离我们还有多远？</span></p><p style="text-align: left;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1.6px;">☆ </span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.6px;">消灭农村还是振兴乡村？</span></p><p style="text-align: left;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1.6px;line-height: 28px;">☆ 凝核破界——城乡规划学科核心理论的自觉性反思</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="line-height: 25.6px;"></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2.5em;height: 2.5em;margin-bottom: -2.5em;border-left: 2px solid rgb(193, 193, 193);border-top: 2px solid rgb(193, 193, 193);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="padding: 8px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;transform: rotate(0deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(0deg);-moz-transform: rotate(0deg);-o-transform: rotate(0deg);margin-right: -2.5em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 3px 8px;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">About Us</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="width: 2.5em;height: 2.5em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;border-right: 2px solid rgb(193, 193, 193);border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(193, 193, 193);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;text-align: center;line-height: 0.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0px;display: inline-block;border-top: 0.8em solid rgb(171, 211, 224);border-left: 0.7em solid transparent !important;border-right: 0.7em solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(255, 251, 0);background-color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">新疆新土地城乡规划设计院</strong></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(255, 251, 0);background-color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">北京中规建业城市规划设计院</strong></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(39, 39, 39);box-sizing: border-box;">为人与空间策划沟通的桥梁</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(39, 39, 39);box-sizing: border-box;">在城市、乡村、景区实践着我们的追求</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(39, 39, 39);box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 5px 0%;text-align: center;line-height: 0.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0px;display: inline-block;border-top: 0.8em solid rgb(171, 211, 224);border-left: 0.7em solid transparent !important;border-right: 0.7em solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);border-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 5px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 11px;color: rgb(105, 105, 105);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 1px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 13px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">北京中规建业城市规划设计院</strong></span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">地址：</strong>北京市海淀区学清路9号汇智大厦B座</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">电话：</strong>010-57811531</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 13px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">新疆新土地城乡规划设计院</strong></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">地址：</strong>乌市红光山路888号绿城广场2A栋14层</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">电话：</strong>0991-8885065   0991-8845621</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">网址：</strong>www.xtdplaner.com</p></section></section></section></section><section style="width: 100%;text-align: right;margin-top: -4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 50px;height: 4px;background-color: rgb(125, 106, 96);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p>
                <br />