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<section style="box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="text-align: center;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;width: 100%;overflow: hidden !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0px" y="0px" 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style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">【北京规划建设】是由与《北京规划建设》杂志联合推出的栏目，这里有新认知与旧经验的碰撞，新媒体与传统媒体的聚合。《北京规划建设》创刊于1987年，迄今已有31年的办刊历史。期刊强调深邃的思想性、厚重的理论性、丰富的实践性及敏锐的新闻性。【北京规划建设】系列既有严谨洗练的学术论文，也有轻松活泼的随笔。你走，我不送你；你来，无论多大风雨，我都等你。</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="text-align: center;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;width: 100%;overflow: hidden !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 303.3 4.6" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%"><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><path d="M189.5,1.8c-1.4,0-2.7,0-4.1-0.3c-0.6-0.1-1.2-0.2-1.7-0.5c-0.3-0.1-1.5-1.3-1.3-0.4     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url("http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eOhyaS71ICKgFV6dv5eNN6OdamiakuaCNgJaTGRGyqAXNWVicnrbvQXC9x9L0E6nbYJSELZr4Jo5xqg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg");background-attachment: scroll;background-size: 33.7576%;background-position: 35.8719% 18.2114%;background-repeat: repeat;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="text-align: center;margin: -40px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;width: 85%;vertical-align: top;border: 1px solid rgb(62, 62, 62);border-radius: 5px;padding: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">摘 要：</strong>结合《北京城市总体规划（2016年-2035年）》及北京市地下空间实际情况，提出北京地下空间开发利用的重要方向，从地下空间生态环境、竖向分层利用、地上地下结合发展、城市功能提升、城市防灾安全以及体制机制建设等多方面展望未来北京地下空间开发利用的发展。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">关键词：</strong>生态安全  地上地下统筹  城市功能  平战结合</p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-bottom: 10px;">地下空间作为北京城市重要空间资源，在集约利用土地、缓解“大城市病”、增强城市防灾减灾能力等方面具有重要作用。《北京城市总体规划（2016年-2035年）》（以下简称“总规”），提出了协调地上地下空间的关系，促进地下空间资源综合开发利用，并强调坚持先地下后地上、地上与地下相协调、平战结合与平灾结合并重的原则；要求统筹以地铁为代表的地下交通基础设施，统筹以综合管廊为代表的各类地下市政设施，统筹以人防工程为代表的各类地下安全设施，统筹以地下综合体为代表的各类地下公共服务设施；明确了构建多维、安全、高效、便捷、可持续发展的立体式宜居城市的目标。在城市建设用地“减量发展”的总体思路下，科学合理地利用城市地下空间，对于促进北京城市发展具有非常重要的意义。针对北京这样的特大型城市，如何做到地下空间的科学利用，需重点关注几个方面的统筹与协调。</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;width: 20%;overflow: hidden !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/icKFe0wqE4eOhyaS71ICKgFV6dv5eNN6OiaM28b6RKJIaYA3OocfTClRuWpWEk7tMPx4Jtms0wbicFianDLu9LEvOw/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: center;font-size: 18px;line-height: 1.8;color: rgb(0, 175, 236);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;margin-bottom: 10px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">关注生态保护与地下工程建设的统筹</strong></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-bottom: 10px;">北京地区处在太行山脉与燕山山脉的交接部位，是山区与华北平原的结合地带，水文地质条件呈现地区差异性，并受地面沉降、砂土液化、地震活动断裂带、熔岩塌陷等多种地质灾害影响，地下空间开发利用条件相对复杂。在活动断裂带两侧地区、地面沉降区等地质灾害敏感地区、地下水源保护区等重要生态涵养区不宜开发地下空间（图1）。</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;overflow: hidden !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eOhyaS71ICKgFV6dv5eNN6OIBMQDMYyuQv2WPdHO7xLcrBaEqQfYk1AZQhFTxoy1HPRNXOrVy4icRA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">图1 北京平原地质构造与地貌示意图</p><p style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;">图片来源：蔡向民，郭高轩，张磊，何付兵，北京城湖泊的成因[J].中国地质，2013（4）.</p><p style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-bottom: 10px;">本次规划转变工程建设主导思维，以城市地下空间生态环境保护为前提条件，综合考虑水文地质、工程地质、防灾安全等多个影响因素，科学确定地下空间开发利用的生态底线与生态敏感地区，保障地下空间开发利用的生态可持续性。</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-bottom: 10px;">对于北京而言，在综合考虑地质灾害类影响要素的前提下，地下水的保护尤为重要，城市地下空间开发利用应重点关注承压水的保护，针对地下承压水位较高地区，应合理控制地下空间开发深度，避免地下工程建设穿透承压水隔水层（第四系承压水顶板岩层），造成地下水资源污染（图2）。</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;overflow: hidden !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eOhyaS71ICKgFV6dv5eNN6OhsUJeGJlI6MyaRmpTC6aFgKLTiaLNMAnoSFtS5eqrUSITph3hW5VCFw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">图2 北京地质剖面示意图</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-bottom: 10px;">此外，地下空间开发利用还应与海绵城市建设相结合，河流冲积扇地区的砂砾石层是城市重要的储水区（“海绵体”），具有重要的生态涵养功能，合理控制地下空间开发面积与实土面积的比例，对于保障地下水规模具有重要意义。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-bottom: 10px;">地铁、综合管廊等大型地下线性工程应加强对地面不均匀沉降、熔岩塌陷、砂土液化等地质风险的监测与防治，并尽量减少对地下水流向的阻隔，或采用相应缓解措施。</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;width: 20%;overflow: hidden !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/icKFe0wqE4eOhyaS71ICKgFV6dv5eNN6OiaM28b6RKJIaYA3OocfTClRuWpWEk7tMPx4Jtms0wbicFianDLu9LEvOw/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: center;font-size: 18px;line-height: 1.8;color: rgb(0, 175, 236);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;margin-bottom: 10px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">关注地上空间与地下空间资源的统筹</strong></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-bottom: 10px;">城市空间是一个三维的整体，城市地下空间必须与地上空间功能相协调，通过重点建设、竖向分层，实现城市空间资源的优化配置。</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-bottom: 10px;">城市中心区、商业中心区、城市重点功能区等公共活动密集、建设强度高的地区，是地上地下空间一体化建设的重点地区，宜通过地下空间的互连互通建设舒适便捷的地下公共活动空间，补充完善公共服务设施缺口，改善地面环境品质（图3）。</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;overflow: hidden !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eOhyaS71ICKgFV6dv5eNN6OvAWdmGJUPVdKo4jsIdqmEf6XEmZqwa3kNfGkbGd9cmNshicO8BogPBQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">图3 地下空间利用重点地区分布示意图</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;">随着轨道交通的快速建设，轨道交通沿线地区是推进土地资源集约高效利用的重要地区，应结合轨道站点分级及地上用地功能布局，明确轨道站点与周边地下空间的连通要求，构建集轨道换乘、地下过街、公共服务、防灾安全于一体的地下公共空间网络（图4）。</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;overflow: hidden !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eOhyaS71ICKgFV6dv5eNN6OibO76uxVQ2MdW8DLGgMbfh8Eh2q9YthGlPk8VmPbFtcRiakBDSYVDiciaw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">图4 地下空间一体化建设示意图</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;">涉及大型公共服务设施、市政交通设施、防灾安全设施等三大设施建设的地区，应综合考虑用地布局、技术可行性、环境影响等因素，有序推进设施地下化建设，在提高地区设施服务水平的同时，提升地面的环境品质，消除临避效应（图5）。</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;overflow: hidden !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eOhyaS71ICKgFV6dv5eNN6O4icIs18aViaCbHWiaD1iaNichMcEUKNBInoucTTanKPH1z4JrPIP8vj7tbw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">图5 市政场站地下化与地面景观设计</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;">竖向布局方面，应根据地上地下功能的相互关联程度，遵循由浅及深，人在上、物在下，人的长时间活动在上、人的短时间活动在下的原则统筹布局。其中，浅层、次浅层地下空间（地下0-30米）与地上空间联系较为紧密，应以地下公共活动、公共交通等人员活动相对频繁的空间为主。次深层及深层地下空间（地下30米以下）宜布置少人或无人的物用空间，如地下人防工程、地下市政场站、地下仓储物流、地下交通隧道等，并注重地下空间资源的保护及空间预留。随着地下盾构技术及地下工程建造技术的发展，地下50米以下的大深度空间利用是未来地下空间发展的新领域，宜优先保障地下大型储水设施、地下数据中心、重要人防工程等大型战略性工程的建设，并不断拓展对地下深层岩层、地下可再生能源的有序利用（图6）。</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;overflow: hidden !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eOhyaS71ICKgFV6dv5eNN6OcnUygcRMxb1V3xy8T65cTYFibCUWyBk2AobTicdDO0Yialic76nkoB2kxg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">图6 地下空间竖向分层示意图</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;width: 20%;overflow: hidden !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/icKFe0wqE4eOhyaS71ICKgFV6dv5eNN6OiaM28b6RKJIaYA3OocfTClRuWpWEk7tMPx4Jtms0wbicFianDLu9LEvOw/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: center;font-size: 18px;line-height: 1.8;color: rgb(0, 175, 236);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;margin-bottom: 10px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">关注地下空间对城市功能体系的补充</strong></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-bottom: 10px;">随着北京城市建设用地减量与城市功能提升矛盾的日益突出，地下空间综合利用是在不增加地上空间建设量的情况下，补足城市功能短板，完善三大设施建设的重要途径。地下空间根据其功能特点，主要包括以地下综合体为代表的各类地下公共服务设施，以地铁为代表的地下交通基础设施，以综合管廊为代表的各类地下市政设施和以人防工程为代表的各类地下安全设施（图7）。</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;overflow: hidden !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eOhyaS71ICKgFV6dv5eNN6O8Q5ZWokia3SEFSGNy793Bscm6TKJfGKeGJ1xgBk36T8L6urYmcQAHaA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">图7 地下空间功能系统示意图</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;">地下空间功能作为城市功能系统的重要补充，应综合考虑各类功能设施的地下空间适宜性与地区发展特点，采取差异化的布局模式。根据各类功能设施的地下空间适宜性，地下交通设施、地下市政设施、地下防灾减灾设施等基础设施可优先进行地下化建设。地下商业服务业设施、地下公共管理与公共服务设施、地下仓储设施等功能设施较适宜进行地下化建设。住宅、污染环境和劳动密集型的工业厂房、敬老院、托幼园所、学校教室、青少年宫、儿童活动中心、老年活动中心等人员相对密集、环境要求较高的功能设施不宜进行地下化建设（附表）。</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;overflow: hidden !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eOhyaS71ICKgFV6dv5eNN6Os0MOcUKUKIGThU9NC7UEwlZD9XdTFDiaBpAF7vNwaoJQqdJoPsRGfZQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;">历史地区是历史文化保护与城市发展矛盾较为突出的地区。在历史地区，文物和地下文物埋藏区等地区不宜开发地下空间，但同时也应客观认识到：地下空间合理开发利用可以弥补公共服务、基础设施的空间不足，在不影响地区历史文脉的基础上，提升地区公共服务水平，缓解地面建设压力。在老城区，可结合局部地块改造，同步建设地下便民服务设施、文体设施、社区宣教等公益性地下空间；结合道路改造建设地下综合管廊、市政场站等市政基础设施；限制开发地下大型商业设施、大规模地下停车设施。历史文化街区与风貌协调区内的地下空间开发利用应遵循小规模、渐进的原则，以历史价值评估为基础，在保护有价值历史信息的同时，合理利用地下空间，满足居民生活需求（图8）。</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;overflow: hidden !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eOhyaS71ICKgFV6dv5eNN6Oz5IwUPBvhxoWMmDCx2qvGeyUOicK0tVZ0icEx8BdeHRhX1hwflgFCpxg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">图8 传统院落地下空间利用示意图</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;">在城市集中更新地区、城市新区，有条件通过先地下后地上的建设模式，推进地下交通、市政、公共服务、防灾安全等各项功能设施的统筹建设，实现多维、高效的立体化城市空间布局。其中，图书馆、博物馆、体育场馆等大型公共服务设施、商业设施、行政办公设施及部分科研教育设施适宜进行地下空间建设，并与地上空间建立便捷联系。变电站、换热站、污水处理厂、再生水厂、垃圾处理等市政设施在满足相关技术及环境安全要求的情况下，可通过地下化，避免邻避效应。过境交通、停车场、公共交通场站等交通设施应有序推进地下化，缓解地面建设压力，减小环境污染。大型人防设施、重要数据存储中心、储水设施、物流设施等宜结合地下空间的防灾特性，在深层地下空间布局，保障设施的安全运行（图9）。</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;overflow: hidden !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eOhyaS71ICKgFV6dv5eNN6OXBF9QvrO0R4XSFpSeic221hMAalVEuZX3uHbiaPRgJNm0vXlgExNl9sA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">图9 地下空间一体化竖向布局示意图</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;width: 20%;overflow: hidden !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/icKFe0wqE4eOhyaS71ICKgFV6dv5eNN6OiaM28b6RKJIaYA3OocfTClRuWpWEk7tMPx4Jtms0wbicFianDLu9LEvOw/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: center;font-size: 18px;line-height: 1.8;color: rgb(0, 175, 236);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;margin-bottom: 10px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">关注战时防空与平时防灾的兼顾结合</strong></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-bottom: 10px;">安全防护是地下空间的基本功能，地下空间开发利用应突出和加强北京作为首都的战略地位，保障国家安全和公共安全。首先，应依托人防工程构建地下空间主动防灾体系。地下空间建设应基于人防的指挥、人员掩蔽、物资储备、专业救险等相对完善的防空体系，构建地下空间主动防灾系统，统筹人防工程、地下空间兼顾人民防空、普通地下空间三者关系，形成相互连通的地下防护体系，有效调配空间资源。其次，结合地铁建设完善地下防灾系统。地下空间建设应加强交通干线以及其他大型地下公共设施的兼顾人防要求，保障对重要经济目标的有效防护。与此同时，应充分利用地下空间抗爆、抗震、防地面火灾、防毒等防灾特性，加强地下空间防灾设施与城市防灾避难体系的联系。可结合城市绿地和广场系统，利用与绿地广场相联系的地下空间作为防灾避难的补充空间。另外，地下空间自身封闭性较强，地下空间应做好应急疏散设计，保障各类功能设施的安全间距与合理布局，加强地下空间的使用安全监督与管理。</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;width: 20%;overflow: hidden !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/icKFe0wqE4eOhyaS71ICKgFV6dv5eNN6OiaM28b6RKJIaYA3OocfTClRuWpWEk7tMPx4Jtms0wbicFianDLu9LEvOw/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: center;font-size: 18px;line-height: 1.8;color: rgb(0, 175, 236);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;margin-bottom: 10px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">关注规划制定与实施保障的结合</strong></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-bottom: 10px;">地下空间规划实施是地下空间规划落实的关键，应从规划编制、规划管理及政策法规等层面同步推进相关工作。规划编制层面，应进一步推动近期建设规划、分区规划及重点地区地下空间详细规划的编制，结合轨道交通建设编制轨道沿线地区地下空间规划，逐级落实和细化总体规划要求，为地下空间实际建设提供具体技术指导。规划管理层面，应充分考虑规划内容的可操作性，针对规划管理工作流程及实际问题提供规划技术解答，实现规划制定与规划管理的有效转化。与此同时，应逐步建立对地下空间部门管理、确权登记、建设管理、数据信息管理、防灾安全管理等政策法规领域的系统认识与问题研究，有序推进地下空间的综合立法与专项立法，保障地下空间开发利用的合理有序开展。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-bottom: 10px;">作为重要的城市空间资源，北京城市地下空间已从传统工程建设领域拓展至涵盖生态环境、工程建设、权属管理、防灾安全、法规政策等方面的巨系统，而地下空间规划工作也将从传统工程规划设计延伸至对城市生态环境、城市功能空间系统、城市防灾安全、政策法规制定等多维度的系统思考和统筹安排。结合新一轮北京城市总体规划对地下空间综合利用提出的新思路和新要求，如何更好地发挥地下空间规划的统筹作用，落实“五个关注”，促进城市空间向着更加多维、安全、高效、便捷、可持续的方向发展，将是未来北京地下空间发展的重要议题。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">参考文献</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">【<span style="line-height: 22.4px;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;">】 蔡向民, 何静, 白凌燕, 刘鸿. 北京市地下空间资源开发利用规划的地质问题[J] .地下空间与工程学报.2010（6）.</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">【<span style="line-height: 22.4px;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;">】 蔡向民，郭高轩，张磊，何付兵.北京城湖泊的成因[J].中国地质，2013（4）.</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">【<span style="line-height: 22.4px;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">3</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;">】 石晓冬. 北京城市地下空间开发利用的历程与未来[J].地下空间与工程学报，2006（7）.</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">【<span style="line-height: 22.4px;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">4</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;">】 顾新，于文悫. 城市地下空间利用规划编制与管理[M].南京：东南大学出版社，2014.</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">【<span style="line-height: 22.4px;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">5</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;">】《中国城市地下空间规划编制导则（征求意见稿2007）》及上海、广州等城市规定.</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="text-align: center;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;width: 100%;overflow: hidden 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style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">原文发表于《北京规划建设》杂志2018年第1期。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">获授权微信首发，如需转载请联系本号。</p></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p>
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