国匠城工作台

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<section class="" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 23.2727px; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="padding-right: 15px; padding-left: 15px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; line-height: 2; letter-spacing: 1.2px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzW4fibJo7AYeksZbEQcKKQwct9b5NicMZceaXF12HxU63MKREnVqe81XEbHsrvOHlWBDKib4nUGrFXfA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(149, 149, 149); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><em style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">上牧场区全景（<em style="max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1.2px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">图片来源/</em>fotocommunity.com）</em></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">自英国工业革命爆发以来，200多年的工业历史彻底改变了人类社会，大量的工业建筑和厂区也遍布在城乡各地，以一道独特的视觉景观融入到日常的城市生活中。但对于这些近现代的工业遗产的保护和更新，则是非常晚近的事。西方在1970年代迈入后工业社会后，开始逐渐认识到工业遗产的价值。中国则在1990年代后期产业结构大规模调整后，也开始面临着大量厂房厂区废弃闲置、功能再生的状况。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">中国的城镇化已经逐渐告别以大建新区新城为主的增量规划时期，转入以城市更新、改造为主的存量规划时期。工业遗产和工厂区作为既存的生产设施，是这一轮城市规划与设计的重点。德国作为西方发达国家的后起之秀，在较短时间内完成了工业化，迅速崛起为世界强国，期间又经历了两次世界大战、国家从分裂到统一的过程。在这些历史背景下，德国独特的工业遗产保护路径也值得中国学习与借鉴。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">本文为《城市中国》+ CallisonRTKL “Practice Room” 论坛之 “走向活力新城：工厂城的更新之路”沙龙活动的系列文章第一篇。</span></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; text-align: justify; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></span></strong></p><hr style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 2; text-align: center; letter-spacing: 2px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(123, 12, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(123, 12, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">为什么要保护和再生工业遗产？</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><section class="" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 23.2727px; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="padding-right: 15px; padding-left: 15px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; line-height: 2; letter-spacing: 1.2px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;">工业遗产因为其对人类社会工业化和城镇化作出的巨大贡献，其保护与再生具有丰富的价值，包括：</p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">历史和社会价值。</strong></span>这些工厂、车间、街道和一整套生活设施组成的工厂城，不仅改变了人们的生产生活方式，也使城市面貌发生极大的转变，成为城市景观不可忽视的一部分，并连同它们的物质载体影响着几代人的生活和工作，形成了社会共同的历史记忆。对这些衰败的工业区和建筑进行有计划的保留和复兴，意味着保存城市区位的公共识别性和认同感，保存城市的发展脉络和历史足迹，有着持久而深远的意义。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">经济价值。</strong></span>工厂往往具有交通区位优势。随着城市的扩张，工厂从以往的城郊发展为新城市区，交通条件便利；因为工业的生产特征，工厂建筑一般体量宏大，结构坚固，使用寿命长，比其他古建筑有更强的功能适应性，通过合适的功能置换和改造仍能长时间发挥作用，降低改造更新的成本，做到物尽其用。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">环境价值。</strong></span>在工业区的更新再利用中，通常会引入积极的生态和节能技术，探索一条可持续发展的城市改造和更新道路。同时，还可以避免因拆毁重建而导致的大量资源浪费，对环境的污染度可以大大降低。原有重工业被腾挪替换后，引进的服务业、中小企业、文创产业或研究教育性机构，在环保的同时也激活和振兴当地的经济和文化活力。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">技术和艺术价值。</strong></span>许多工业遗址建筑、厂房拥有较高的建造设计工艺和美学风格，对它们的更新再造也是保留这些历史积淀下来的文明成果，供后人研究与继承。现代主义风格发祥地之一包豪斯学院，在当时的工业建筑设计采用了许多新材料、新工艺，如学院创始人格罗皮乌斯（Walter Gropius）与阿道夫·迈耶（Adolf Meyer）在1911年合作设计的法古斯制鞋厂（Fagus-Werk），第一次采用了大片玻璃幕墙和转角窗，也首次实现了结构和外墙相脱离的建造技术。2011年6月，法古斯工厂被列为世界文化遗产。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzW4fibJo7AYeksZbEQcKKQwcSYH3PrRSeAx3gwyaCZ719xNMHGeBvE8wTVdzibBuib1cLzylic4OlMy8Q/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(149, 149, 149); font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><em style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">法古斯工厂（Fagus-Werk）是世界上第一座玻璃幕墙建筑（图片来源/wikipedia.org）</em></span></p></section></section></section><section class="" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 23.2727px; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="padding-right: 15px; padding-left: 15px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; line-height: 2; letter-spacing: 1.2px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; line-height: 2; text-align: center; letter-spacing: 2px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(123, 12, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">德国柏林旧工业区的再生对策</strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(123, 12, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">——上牧场工厂城</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;">柏林工业历史建筑记录了19世纪中期到二次大战爆发之间工业化进程的辉煌历史，按工业特点和区位分布大致可分为三大部分：大工业特征的城郊工业综合体，混合功能的工商业建筑，和分散于内城的多层式工厂。大型工业区随着技术进步和生产规模的扩大，工业和管理者也不断增加，在工厂周围逐渐建起了居住和商业区，形成一个功能齐备的工厂城。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;">上牧场旧工业区曾是柏林乃至德国大工业的发祥地之一，也是战后东柏林的工业重地。随着20世纪80年代后期德国产业转型和两德的统一，旧工业区开始面临城市更新的问题，功能置换和再利用之间的矛盾也凸显出来。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzW4fibJo7AYeksZbEQcKKQwc5rNownYTiaI7cXtibEkVRDfItWTrxEWia6YSicCZ3icgegh8qqWllMTELlg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(149, 149, 149); font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><em style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">上牧场区的地理位置（图片来源/atelierhaus79.de）</em></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><em style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1.工厂城的历史变迁</span></em></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;">上牧场区位于柏林东郊，地处贯穿柏林的施普雷河（Spree）的上游北岸，距柏林市中心约10公里，占据了约2.6公里长的水岸线，原味一片美丽的牧场，1871年德国统一后该地区有了它自己的名字“上牧场”（Obersch?newei -de），与南岸的“下牧场”呼应，此时当地人口只有150余人。1883年，德国通用电气公司（AEG）成立，在柏林北部的威定区打造了第一处工业基地。1895年起，因为公司业务扩张，AEG公司陆续迁移到城市边缘的上牧场区，这里地价便宜、水运便利、尚未开发，非常适合大工业的发展。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;">在上牧场兴建了第一座发电厂后，AEG又陆续建起了冶金、橡胶、电缆、轧钢等一系列配套工厂。1901年AEG旗下的汽车制造厂在此投入生产，1909年起又兴建了一批发电厂和变电站。至此，上牧场区通过AEG公司大规模的厂房建造，于20世纪初一跃成为具有国际影响力的技术创新和发展基地。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;">伴随沿岸工业区的形成，工业区周围也相应兴建了供工人及其家属生活的居民区、广场街道及公共基础设施，水厂、污水处理厂、消防所、邮局、医院、社区学校、工人福利院、交通、有轨电车、轨道交通站和联系对岸的三座桥陆续兴建起来。从1895年到1919年，上牧场区的人口从600余人猛增至25000余人。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><em style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 1.2px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(149, 149, 149); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></span></em></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzW4fibJo7AYeksZbEQcKKQwciaDF528twXBCc4XWcbkf6rtiajLJAXnD9W6UmL9M6Tvtge1npXJ0FlTQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><em style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 1.2px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(149, 149, 149); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">柏林上牧场区卫星图（图片来源/Google Earth）</span></em></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 1.2px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzW4fibJo7AYeksZbEQcKKQwc2dYW2TOjCDkQAU2JB2xmQ1zOzcmA6nuicysdibvBzgX0K5ZqxV1icNr9A/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 1.2px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><em style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(149, 149, 149); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">上牧场区历史地图（1902年）</span></em></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzW4fibJo7AYeksZbEQcKKQwcAnbACica6Lta2pRibw12IZoq1LmOteGGFkJt73W4Tjbu2ibiaxenLHLQdQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><em style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 1.2px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(149, 149, 149); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">上牧场AEG工业区历史鸟瞰（1923年）（图片来源/htw-berlin.de）</span></em></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzW4fibJo7AYeksZbEQcKKQwctgKzz8FsVf0YV8hTYjibicahUnpbpz0Zj09IPINtSRKbuIYsCxF6vtQQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /><span style="max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1.2px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span><em style="max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1.2px; font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(149, 149, 149); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">上牧场西门子街绘画场景（图片来源/huebleronline）</span></em></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;">由于在二战期间曾作为军备工业的重要基地，上牧场工业区的工厂遭到了战争的严重摧毁。战后上牧场区划属东柏林，原AEG的工厂变为民主德国控股的变电厂、电缆及电子元件厂，20世纪80年代成为东德电子显像管的生产基地。1990年德国统一后，上牧场工业区呈现一片萧条景象，随着工厂关闭，当地居民纷纷搬离，人口从高峰时期的近三万人减到不足一万人。</p></section></section></section><section class="" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 23.2727px; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="padding-right: 15px; padding-left: 15px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; line-height: 2; letter-spacing: 1.2px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 23.2727px; white-space: normal; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="padding-right: 15px; padding-left: 15px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; line-height: 2; letter-spacing: 1.2px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><em style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2.工厂城的改造目标</span></em></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;">随着德国的统一，政府的决策和行动能力也得到恢复。面临这样一个衰败的局面，整个上牧场改造区自1993年开始项目前期调研，两年后正式作为城市重建区开始立案和规划部署。1997年，柏林土地发展局、城市发展局和上牧场改造区管委会共同商讨改造对策，力求激活和开发这块有着百年辉煌工业历史的滨江旧工业区的潜在活力，达到振兴新柏林经济和全面复兴地方社会文化的目的。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;">衰败的旧工业区改造是复杂和长期的，涉及工业建筑、住宅、商业、学校、医院、教堂等各类建筑以及教堂、基础设施的整治、更新、改造。上牧场的振兴以保留它的地区特征为原则，10条具体目标强化了居住、工作、文化和购物的技能：</p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </p><ul class=" list-paddingleft-2" style="list-style-type: circle;"><li><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(61, 170, 214); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">应保留现有规划和建筑结构，新功能将被谨慎地加入其中；</strong></span></p></li><li><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(61, 170, 214); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">城市更新力求民主操作，更新措施应符合社会标准并在所允许的范畴中；</strong></span></p></li><li><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(61, 170, 214); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">要保留、修复和稳定地区的社会结构关系；</strong></span></p></li><li><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(61, 170, 214); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">稳固和发展现有的商业经济；</strong></span></p></li><li><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(61, 170, 214); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">社会文化设施应保留和发展；</strong></span></p></li><li><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(61, 170, 214); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">应有一个生态环保的总体概念去改善环境状况；</strong></span></p></li><li><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(61, 170, 214); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">优化和整合现有场地以提高绿地率和空地率；</strong></span></p></li><li><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(61, 170, 214); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">所有新设计都要考虑残疾人使用设施；</strong></span></p></li><li><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(61, 170, 214); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">将工业城和居民区的改造视为一个统一体，带状结构（河流、工业城和居民区）的横向障碍将被清除；</strong></span></p></li><li><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(61, 170, 214); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">商业和居住将引入新模式，提高河流潜在活力，改变居民区看不见河景的状况，为引入高质量的商业圈产生积极影响。</strong></span></p></li></ul><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;">在上述10条原则下，为保障居住区到施普雷河的通达性，必须对原上牧场工业区进行重新梳理，清除地区结构、规划、功能上的不合理因素，建立文化和基础设施，改善交通状况，增强施普雷河的公众亲和力和地区发展潜力。改造后上牧场工业区仍以大型企业为核心，小部分工业、手工业、服务业、媒体公司和艺术家工作室等为补充、辅助行业。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; text-decoration: underline; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><em style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">3.具体的保护与改造措施</span></em></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;">上牧场工业区大部分工厂建于20世纪前20年，由AEG公司多为建筑师亲自担当。它们的共同特点是：黄褐色釉面外墙砖、浅拱形巨大窗洞，檐部、窗间墙和山花带有简练的装饰，使建筑群显得整齐而注目，其间多数建筑在1990年代中期已被列为工业保护建筑。约13公顷的工业带内的现有建筑通过拆除、保护置换和新建等不同方式完成改造。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;">改造更新主要有以下几种类型：</p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">工业保护建筑。</strong></span>区内主干道Wielminenhof大街旁坐落着两栋体量庞大的5-7层的工业保护建筑。建筑面积为23000平米的一栋外观已做修复，内部也进行了全新的设计，以作为手工业和商业中心。在1998年已有超过40%的面积出租。第二栋40000平米的大楼将作为商业开发。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">技术创新中心。</strong></span>位于河湾处，是区域经济结构核心，面积约20000平米，这里规划有研究室、小型特殊企业等，能提供700-800个工作岗位。1997年完成一期，2000年第二期完工。其中，100年前诞生了铅蓄电池的Wielminenhof大街89号在1993年进行了结构更新，被作为企业用地。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzW4fibJo7AYeksZbEQcKKQwcOLVk82jPxibBrwsvlsWKYPo4ILd7ds3gwduOib7o6GViaMTfHADXl0IYg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(149, 149, 149); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><em style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">AEG公司原组装车间（图片来源/abendblatt-berlin.de）</em></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(149, 149, 149); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><em style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></em></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(149, 149, 149); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzW4fibJo7AYeksZbEQcKKQwckpap8fLUfVjEicibjQRxdFnWhPnHja5t9fkEDvicbWfLnT9tobysuX5Ww/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><em style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(149, 149, 149); font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 1.2px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">AEG公司原高压电厂涡轮机车间（图片来源/panoramio.com）</em></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">地区文化中心。</strong></span>Wielminenhof大街83-85号的AEG公司原变电站，从1997年起被改造成包括商业、服务业、画廊和艺术设计等多功能地区文化中心。例如一些艺术家进驻河岸边的AEG电缆厂（Kabelwerk Oberspree），租下一处空闲的厂房顶楼，改造为艺术创作室。这一事件成为该地区文化复兴计划的一个重要信号。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">滨江建筑。</strong></span>1994年起滨江建筑陆续进驻手工业、服务业、餐饮业、零售业等小型企业，举办了各种活动，增强了滨江地带的空间吸引力和场所感。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">施普雷河论坛（Spreeforum）。</strong></span>这是上牧场区最重要的新建项目。作为未来的地区中心，它是集居住、服务、零售和文化于一体的城市综合体。这个4800平米的四方形建筑内部呈开放型，可以根据不同的需要进行灵活分割。河岸边相邻的8层灰泥墙住宅按计划被拆除，以此打开河岸景观，形成通向水岸的城市广场和绿地空间。河岸设有垂钓点和水上交通停靠点。建于19世纪末的凯撒桥（Kaisersteg）按原样复原，以连接对岸的下牧场区<span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(149, 149, 149); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">（注：凯撒桥1945年4月被德军炸毁，2007年9月重建完成）</span>。配合施普雷河论坛，沿江工业景观带将有选择地向公众开放。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzW4fibJo7AYeksZbEQcKKQwcf9R2YeLtibeF3dLbB9OVicVk0XRbDSZdO1pxS43DxcIqO10Kh6DmMdqQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(149, 149, 149); font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><em style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">AEG原电缆厂（图片来源/panoramio.com）</em></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(149, 149, 149); font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><em style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></em></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(149, 149, 149); font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzW4fibJo7AYeksZbEQcKKQwcuJoMDYeOunBvJHGE5peAZpEwGu3ZibDrlvgFQYdLxSyZGt8eL6IicA7g/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><em style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(149, 149, 149); font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 1.2px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">AEG原电缆厂街区（图片来源/wikipedia.org）</em></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(149, 149, 149); font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><em style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></em></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(149, 149, 149); font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzW4fibJo7AYeksZbEQcKKQwcMrjic6Jh5oOsTvKJP6ZERz0bW8FY37NXb9iaia49BreuLfB9BufAtJnPQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><em style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(149, 149, 149); font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 1.2px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">凯撒桥与施普雷河景（图片来源/panoramio.com）</em></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(149, 149, 149); font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><em style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></em></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(149, 149, 149); font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzW4fibJo7AYeksZbEQcKKQwcUbX3GCG0XS7QfNbphPEFrryicMNbuXmawjzmvy5gAGqA1EgQ8icVKNiaA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(149, 149, 149); font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><em style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">凯撒桥（1900年）（图片来源/wikipedia.org）</em></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;">除工业建筑和厂房外，上牧场还对区内基础和服务设施进行了改造。在地区能源供应方面，上牧场区的热能供应采用集热式发电加局部远程供热方式，融入了环保生态理念。中央锅炉和集热式发电组合节约了电费，二氧化碳的排放量也远低于普通发电方式。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;">在环境绿地方面，上牧场区原先缺乏绿地和室外游戏场，因此采取了相应措施优化和整合现有绿地。如修复AEG公司创始人拉滕瑙（Emil Rathenau）的别墅和附属花园，提高住宅内院的品质，并向公众开放；重新完善和补充现有的行道树；部分企业用地的围墙和隔栏使用新种的树篱和乔木来替代。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;">在区域交通方面，上牧场区内的交通存在道路设置不足、交通流量大、停车难、噪音大、自行车道和行人安全步道缺乏等问题，且工业区和居民区的联系被阻隔。针对上述问题，新的交通改造方案通过优化现有街道截面设计，采取限速和限音措施，疏通和扩大交通流量，以提高车辆通过速度及减少车辆行驶噪音。原工业装卸场地新开辟为停车场和自行车道。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzW4fibJo7AYeksZbEQcKKQwcS9J4QIqvZc9pz5frWzbXvoCFa1pqcECUftXsz8naRk5pHwhiacZ0IeA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /><span style="max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1.2px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span><em style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 1.2px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(149, 149, 149); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">上牧场街区，图中前方别墅即拉滕瑙故居（图片来源/rbb-online.de）</span></em></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><em style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(149, 149, 149); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></span></em></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><em style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(149, 149, 149); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></em></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzW4fibJo7AYeksZbEQcKKQwckZ3lhGPwjKgOu9eHibiaiaHArlicJNvia6ag8QlXAzKDsibBqETr1GfqPBaQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><em style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(149, 149, 149); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1999年Wielminenhof大街交通改造剖面示意图</span></em></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;">自两德统一后到1998年，上牧场对改造区内40个历史保护建筑进行了不同程度的设施维修和更新，并兴建了20余栋新建筑，拆除了一批破败工业建筑，将河湾处原AEG公司基础被列为保护建筑的多层砌砖厂房进行外观修复，内部空间进行了重新布局并添加了符合当代建筑标准的热工设备，形成未来的地区技术和创意中心。随着房屋环境和交通状况的不断改善，上牧场区内综合投资环境的吸引力大大提高，居民数量也止跌回涨。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzW4fibJo7AYeksZbEQcKKQwcianIjYFreahFPYcUTzcbTzEW9WhQgAhHtoE3xiaBiciab5Tv8VLTPOGDqw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzW4fibJo7AYeksZbEQcKKQwcp1ydLw0Fnkh0mGslrWBT9vdK2fT5yDia4ibrfeibIMQt0w8PnIamjbWhw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><em style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 1.2px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(149, 149, 149); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">上牧场区俯瞰（图片来源/htw-berlin.de）</span></em></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><em style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(149, 149, 149); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></em></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzW4fibJo7AYeksZbEQcKKQwcVc87fnDxibiaMhgKQRnTAicIyuhibkNT8rnFmy8JofSy5LFnt3icsMLbE9Q/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><em style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(149, 149, 149); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">上牧场区俯瞰（图片来源/ihk-mauerfall.de ）</span></em></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;">从1999年到2011年，上牧场又对16个私营和13个公共项目（包括基础设施、街道和公共空间）进行了改造升级。共投入1480万欧元的资金补助，和270万欧元的免息住房贷款。2011年后，因为改造重建计划的基本完成，上牧场区不再作为城市重建区进行保护和资金援助，但更多的人被吸引到这里工作并居住下来。2014年，当地居民再次突破了两万人。至此，上牧场区又恢复了它历史上原有的活力和地位，成为柏林东郊的别具特色的产业、观光和漫游之地。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">*本文摘编自左琰所著《德国柏林工业建筑遗产的保护与再生》第三章，内容有删改。文中未注来源图片翻拍自该书。</strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(149, 149, 149); box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><em style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">编辑/宋敖</em></span></p></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><p><span style="color: rgb(122, 68, 66); font-size: 14px; line-height: 23.2727px;  background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">注：本文内容转自城市中国杂志（ID：UC_urbanchina），转载注明来源，十分感谢作者的悉心编写与分享，版权归原作者所有，仅供交流学习使用。如有版权问题，请及时与我们联系，我们将第一时间做出处理。</span></p><p><span style="color: rgb(122, 68, 66); 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vertical-align: top; width: 77.9545px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center; font-size: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding: 4px; display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(247, 177, 32);"><section class="" style="border: 1px solid white; width: 1.6em; height: 1.6em; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5em; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">更</p></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 77.9545px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center; font-size: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding: 4px; display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(247, 177, 32);"><section class="" style="border: 1px solid white; width: 1.6em; height: 1.6em; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5em; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">多</p></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 77.9545px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center; font-size: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding: 4px; display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(247, 177, 32);"><section class="" style="border: 1px solid white; width: 1.6em; height: 1.6em; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5em; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">精</p></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 77.9545px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center; font-size: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding: 4px; display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(247, 177, 32);"><section class="" style="border: 1px solid white; width: 1.6em; height: 1.6em; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5em; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">彩</p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: center; color: rgb(67, 103, 117); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">请猛戳二维码</strong></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; width: 192.741px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="color: rgb(67, 103, 117); font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">公众号ID</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mj4RmIWiaUrYZsJMC6Gb3IvKguFWNaBo66OiaYwWtIu1R57hzzlseSia3OXuFPaNVtMHokSEx0Esm8WA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="height: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 15.9943px; width: 24px; float: left; border-bottom-width: 6px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-width: 6px; border-left-style: solid; border-color: rgb(219, 109, 109); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="height: 15.9943px; width: 24px; float: right; border-bottom-width: 6px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-right-width: 6px; border-right-style: solid; border-color: rgb(219, 109, 109); box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="line-height: 23.2727px; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><p><br  /></p>
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