国匠城工作台

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<section style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 2.25em; height: 2.25em; border-left: 5px solid rgb(71, 193, 168); border-top: 5px solid rgb(71, 193, 168); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="margin-top: -2.25em; margin-left: 5px; padding-top: 5px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" padding: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">编辑团队</strong></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="margin-bottom: -2.25em; margin-right: 5px; background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" padding: 10px; margin-bottom: 5px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; padding: 0px 7px; line-height: 1.8; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">原文/ Greg Miller、Laura Bliss   </p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">翻译/ 顾天奇    <span style="letter-spacing: 1.5px; box-sizing: border-box;">文献/ 李天娇    校验/ 众山小  </span></p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">编辑/ 众山小    排版/ 丁炬丹 </p></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="margin-left: auto; width: 2.25em; height: 2.25em; border-right: 5px solid rgb(71, 193, 168); border-bottom: 5px solid rgb(71, 193, 168); box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 35%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: right;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0px; margin-bottom: -10px; margin-left: auto; transform: rotate(0deg); -webkit-transform: rotate(0deg); -moz-transform: rotate(0deg); -o-transform: rotate(0deg); border-left: 5px solid rgba(17, 170, 69, 0.55); border-bottom: 5px solid rgba(17, 170, 69, 0.55); border-top: 5px solid rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border-right: 5px solid rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="width: 100%; border-right: 10px solid rgba(17, 170, 69, 0.55); padding: 10px; background-color: rgb(142, 201, 101); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin: 0px 0%;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9TiaibMDuDdmVeDHjYoJ5tIDWBEAZYdB74rjxicnyOIOicFn5HSGsJojqo0CJ9QanXy6kjv1mMSLmBZgZ5A/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section></section><section style="width: 0px; margin-top: -10px; margin-left: auto; border-top: 5px solid rgba(17, 170, 69, 0.55); border-left: 5px solid rgba(17, 170, 69, 0.55); border-right: 5px solid rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border-bottom: 5px solid rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 65%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 20px 0% 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: transparent; padding: 10px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(182, 182, 182); line-height: 1.8; letter-spacing: 1.5px; padding: 0px 7px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(71, 193, 168); box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">译者萌像与导读：</strong></span><span style="color: rgba(0, 45, 72, 0.65); box-sizing: border-box;">可能很难想象在19世纪末自行车刚被发明的时候，在美国曾掀起过一股自行车热潮。出于逃离城市生活、锻炼、封闭社交等原因，自行车运动和相应的设施建设一度兴盛。甚至有人提出过连通两洋的自行车专用道大胆设想。审视今日，仿佛昨日重新，而明日的骑行还会继续流行么？听听则一城市历史学家的意见。而则二介绍的是由于修复Sandy飓风，L-Train将预计关闭1年半的时间。这期间纽约市民的出行将受到怎样的影响？一家科技公司试图通过一个电子地图告诉用户应该如何应对。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160); letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; color: rgb(110, 115, 117); box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin: 10px 0% 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/4N5ib6F0NCYaQzNcyjzaib5krGcsPibn27FuaUsUAftGT9hF1A2JPibVjYyI9kQ3aAibcbLaxiaRy6zAqSNsSbua2J8A/0?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; line-height: 1.8; color: rgb(0, 175, 236); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一览众山小</strong></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; line-height: 1.8; color: rgb(0, 175, 236); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">可持续城市与交通</strong></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin: 0px 0% 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/cLDW3OZOflaSRicHu0N65fyGzMPKRcgy0FeqzuoXhsrHsX12kI95jMJbDeG6NdJic085DsZy756HOeDeibPppwDXw/0?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center; font-size: 24px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 2em; height: 2em; box-shadow: rgb(170, 170, 170) 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0.5em 0px; transform: rotate(45deg); -webkit-transform: rotate(45deg); -moz-transform: rotate(45deg); -o-transform: rotate(45deg); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style=" transform: rotate(-45deg); -webkit-transform: rotate(-45deg); -moz-transform: rotate(-45deg); -o-transform: rotate(-45deg); width: 100%; height: 100%; line-height: 1.75em; font-size: 29px; color: rgb(71, 193, 168); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">1</p></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 10px 0%;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(95, 156, 239); border-width: 0px; border-radius: 0px 20px; border-style: none; border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62); padding: 0px 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 3px 0%; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; border-radius: 100%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">1890 年---城市自行车乌托邦的图景</p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 10px 0%;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(160, 160, 160); border-top: 0px none rgb(62, 62, 62); border-top-left-radius: 20px; border-right: 0px none rgb(62, 62, 62); border-top-right-radius: 0px; padding: 0px 10px; border-bottom: 0px none rgb(62, 62, 62); border-bottom-right-radius: 20px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 3px 0%; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; border-radius: 100%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">原文/ Greg Miller   翻译/ 顾天奇</p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9TiaibMDuDdmVeDHjYoJ5tIDWBEBVY9TO6x8qmP0SoqgF2fQAnUPCInsicYqibiaGlNSvJ7FibibJBgRZ9d9aQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(31, 73, 116); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图一、</em></strong><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">从上到下纵贯这幅1897年地图的左侧，布鲁克林的The Ocean Parkway 自行车道是美国最早的自行车道之一。</span></strong></em></p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></strong></em></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(110, 115, 117); line-height: 1.8; letter-spacing: 1.5px; padding: 0px 7px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">少见多怪并不是旧金山人的特点。但有一次，当我看到市长在给街道沥青路面漆亮绿色的方格时，我却着实吃了一惊。</p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">后来我意识到，这历史性的时刻其实是第一个“自行车格子”的启动仪式，所谓的“格子”其实是一片指定给自行车的提前等候区，用于交叉口的等候区。当时是2009年，骑行热潮在接下来的数年里延续。到2015年，旧金山的自行车出行达到约82000次，自行车道的总长达到125英里并不断增长。</p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">支持者说，骑行在全国的流行是种积极的趋势，自行车可以减少交通拥堵、改善空气污染、推广健康锻炼。然而，这一切并不新鲜。</p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">海报中的地图来自于更久远的年代——1890年代——骑行横扫全国的年代。大众认知上的自行车——具备两个同等大小的轮子及其他典型特征——才刚刚被发明。“自行车在城市中大行其道，因为这是第一种大众可负担起的的私人交通方式”，来自于James Madison 大学的Evan Friss如是说，“马太贵了，而汽车基本上还没发明出来。”</p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9TiaibMDuDdmVeDHjYoJ5tIDWBElQ9r3ZKwYF2zoAH4JxszGqjuxgORNxYTNgYEmYMklwAA31mqxRqrAg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(31, 73, 116); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图二、1896年的加州地图，其中红线为自行车道。地图四周布满自行车和配建的广告。</em></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(110, 115, 117); line-height: 1.8; letter-spacing: 1.5px; padding: 0px 7px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">在2016年的新书《The Cycling City（骑行城市）》<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5px; box-sizing: border-box;">Friss描写了自行车带来的自由——中产可以自由选择出行的时间和地点。除了更高效，也提供了“逃离”快速工业化和人口增长的可能。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160); box-sizing: border-box;">(http://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/C/bo19292763.html)</span>，</p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">“骑行被认为是一种不需要事先规划的方式”，Friss说，“出城后，骑行者可以终于海滩、山丘或者去看植物。”</p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">现今，自行车倡导者正推动道路改造、专用自行车道的建设。地方的自行车俱乐部正像雨后春笋般兴起（曼哈顿一地超过50个俱乐部）。而在1897年，League of American Wheelmen （美国自行车联盟）拓展至超过10万会员。</p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9TiaibMDuDdmVeDHjYoJ5tIDWBEMVMvkQgEJMhauH9u0LPDiciabiajXu1DudxQCSleqZFosOOMv42WfzZBQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(31, 73, 116); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">图三、这张1884年华盛顿特区中心区地图由首都自行车俱乐部出版，图中深色线为可供自行车骑行、有铺装的道路。</span></em></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(110, 115, 117); letter-spacing: 1.5px; line-height: 1.8; padding: 0px 7px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">Coney Island （科尼岛，纽约市的一处娱乐区。原为一海岛，水道淤塞后变为长岛的一部分）Cycle Path是早期最重要的自行车道。5.5英里的自行车道连接了布鲁克林区的Prospect Park（展望公园）和科尼岛。（海报地图的上部）。这条自行车道于1895年完工，概括了同时期大量自行车道的建设理念——离开城市生活的途径。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </span></p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">有人还提出过更宏大的规划，诸如连接巴尔地摩和特区的40英里长的芝加哥收费“高架自行车公路”，甚至是贯通两洋，联系旧金山和纽约的自行车道。但除了旧金山和帕萨迪纳（旧金山地区的一个卫星市）做过一条9英里的高架自行车道，其他工程均停留在纸面从未实现。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9TiaibMDuDdmVeDHjYoJ5tIDWBEiaI9Y6jI3XGlPAjX3kteceeoNG6x6Kl9M9icdmKY4akOgAic3a481dmsA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(31, 73, 116); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图四、加州Cycleway高架自行车道的局部段落，1900年</em></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(110, 115, 117); letter-spacing: 1.5px; line-height: 1.8; padding: 0px 7px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">有人还提出过更宏大的规划，诸如连接巴尔地摩和特区的40英里长的芝加哥收费“高架自行车公路”，甚至是贯通两洋，联系旧金山和纽约的自行车道。但除了旧金山和帕萨迪纳（旧金山地区的一个卫星市）做过一条9英里的高架自行车道，其他工程均停留在纸面从未实现。</p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">1890年代的自行车梦在波特兰得到了延续，这座俄勒冈的城市一直是自行车友好城市排行榜的常客。去年波特兰在Willamette河上建了一座全新的对自行车友好的桥梁；启动了一项千万美元的共享单车项目；并批准了针对汽油的税，这项税计划在今后四年内提供2800万美元用于改进自行车骑手和行人的设施安全性。</p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">1890年代的自行车梦在波特兰得到了延续，这座俄勒冈的城市一直是自行车友好城市排行榜的常客。去年波特兰在Willamette河上建了一座全新的对自行车友好的桥梁；启动了一项千万美元的共享单车项目；并批准了针对汽油的税，这项税计划在今后四年内提供2800万美元用于改进自行车骑手和行人的设施安全性。</p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">从图上可以看到，波特兰众多的自行车道可回溯到1896年。作为大波特兰地区政府的高级制图师，Matthew Hampton认为这张19世纪的地图仍能给当代制图以启发。</p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">Hampton目前的工作多少与19世纪的工作风格类似。现在的制图同样包括沿途旅馆和自行车路线。这算是个小小的挑战，但是“现在的旅馆密度太过饱和”，Hampton考虑将范围缩至brewpubs(出售自制啤酒的酒馆)。</p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"> </p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9TiaibMDuDdmVeDHjYoJ5tIDWBEfu0G6Gz2YpmKYjNRWQEPK2WJxvzSlIIUSSS0hPFXw2ZZlBRPC7Ij7A/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(31, 73, 116); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图五、在1896年波特兰地图的再版中，骑行路线被标以红色</em></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="line-height: 1.8; letter-spacing: 1.5px; padding: 0px 7px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: justify; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(110, 115, 117); box-sizing: border-box;">很多老地图的本意并不是艺术般的制图。“当时的流行款地图并不确保吸引人”Friss说，“大量的地图其实是自行车俱乐部和自行车厂商出版的，目的在于推广和营销自行车相关产品”。</span></p><p style="text-align: justify; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(110, 115, 117); box-sizing: border-box;"> </span></p><p style="text-align: justify; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(110, 115, 117); box-sizing: border-box;">地方俱乐部出版的小册子常包含有详细旅行情报的地图，标明了沿途的饭店和商业作为广告。（与20世纪的汽车旅游手册并无多大区别）</span></p><p style="text-align: justify; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(110, 115, 117); box-sizing: border-box;"> </span></p><p style="text-align: justify; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(110, 115, 117); box-sizing: border-box;">这股1890年的自行车热潮来得突然去的也快，按照Friss的说法，汽车的兴起并非主要原因，思潮的转变才是更主要原因：骑行曾经很酷，但是当越来越多的人都参与到骑行，它又变得不酷了。</span></p><p style="text-align: justify; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(110, 115, 117); box-sizing: border-box;"> </span></p><p style="text-align: justify; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(110, 115, 117); box-sizing: border-box;">“将骑行视为运动的男人们逐渐发现女人也开始骑行了，成立了骑行俱乐部、组织昂贵的富人们发现低收入的人群也加入进来了，于是骑行这件事变得不那么具有门槛了。”</span></p><p style="text-align: justify; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(110, 115, 117); box-sizing: border-box;"> </span></p><p style="text-align: justify; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(110, 115, 117); box-sizing: border-box;">回到今天，Friss表示当前的城市骑行热潮似乎方兴未艾，但可能不会持续长久。在过去的20年里，自行车运动与广义的城市复兴概念互相捆绑，但是这样的概念来了后去并不稳固。如果城市生活的需求衰减，或者无人汽车成功改变人们的出行，自行车就可能再一次退出人们视野。</span></p><p style="text-align: justify; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(110, 115, 117); box-sizing: border-box;"> </span></p><p style="text-align: justify; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(110, 115, 117); box-sizing: border-box;">“我喜欢目前的自行车热情，但从一个城市历史学者的角度，我对这股潮流是否可以持续20-30年持保留态度”Friss说，“但愿我错了。”</span></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center; font-size: 24px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 2em; height: 2em; box-shadow: rgb(170, 170, 170) 0px 0px 10px; margin: 0.5em 0px; transform: rotate(45deg); -webkit-transform: rotate(45deg); -moz-transform: rotate(45deg); -o-transform: rotate(45deg); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style=" transform: rotate(-45deg); -webkit-transform: rotate(-45deg); -moz-transform: rotate(-45deg); -o-transform: rotate(-45deg); width: 100%; height: 100%; line-height: 1.75em; font-size: 29px; color: rgb(71, 193, 168); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">2</p></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 10px 0%;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(95, 156, 239); border-width: 0px; border-radius: 0px 20px; border-style: none; border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62); padding: 0px 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 3px 0%; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; border-radius: 100%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">小小地图助力纽约通勤自由</p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 10px 0%;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(160, 160, 160); border-top: 0px none rgb(62, 62, 62); border-top-left-radius: 20px; border-right: 0px none rgb(62, 62, 62); border-top-right-radius: 0px; padding: 0px 10px; border-bottom: 0px none rgb(62, 62, 62); border-bottom-right-radius: 20px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 3px 0%; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; border-radius: 100%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">原文/  Laura Bliss       翻译/ 顾天奇</p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(110, 115, 117); line-height: 1.8; letter-spacing: 1.5px; padding: 0px 7px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">无止境的列车延误和恶化的地面交通，给纽约的公交出行体验亮起了红灯。接下来通勤的市民还会受到新的一波暴击---那就是 L线火车隧道将关闭18个月，以修复桑迪飓风带来的损坏。项目最早于2019年开始，维修期间将影响布鲁克林Bedford大街以西的所有L线火车站点，以及25万来往于布鲁克林和曼哈顿的通勤者。</p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">情况有多糟？很多专家对那些街区将受到冲击、应如何应对提出了意见。Sidewalk Labs，一家从事智慧城市技术的公司，正和Transportation Alternatives（公交倡导组织）合作，推出了一个电子地图，来显示L线关闭会对任意两点的公交出行带来多大的影响。用户可以固定起终点，调整一系列出行参数——通勤时间，模式偏好，最大步行/换乘意愿——然后得到没有L train以后通勤的糟糕程度。所有的一切都基于最新的GTFS格式数据的轨道、渡轮服务。</p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">结果不容乐观，以往依靠L train的布鲁克林社区，如East Williamsburg 到曼哈顿的East Village需要15分钟的东西向短途，<span style="color: rgb(95, 156, 239); box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">而现今需要走一个南-西-北的大绕行，时间增加到了惊人的93分钟。</strong></span>（即使加入皇后区-曼哈顿的快线巴士也无济于事）</p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9TiaibMDuDdmVeDHjYoJ5tIDWBEqQvcrpfviaTIMaMIadGpyJFNVuKTWbDzScmyVopaLXO7kroU5ico4OZA/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(31, 73, 116); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">图六、L线火车线路关闭分析</span></em></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></em></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(110, 115, 117); line-height: 1.8; letter-spacing: 1.5px; padding: 0px 7px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">这个地图使用时的一点说明：地铁和公交乘客增加引起的涟漪效应并没体现，因此出行时间可能不如平时用谷歌地图导航得到的估算出行时间那么精确。</p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">如果East Williamsburg的居民愿意走上一英里（2倍于合理的步行可达性距离）<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(95, 156, 239); box-sizing: border-box;">（参考文献1，请联系我们索取）</span></strong>，她的出行时间可减至50分钟。如果她走不了1/4英里，出行时间则不会有显著变化——中间会有地上地下两次换乘。</p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9TiaibMDuDdmVeDHjYoJ5tIDWBEKOlh6QMNuEPHENeTMBHKR1NfUntMo9icPZtIn6icYMcfKHUbd8cmSnNg/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(31, 73, 116); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">图七、L线火车线路关闭分析</span></em></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="line-height: 1.8; letter-spacing: 1.5px; padding: 0px 7px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: justify; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(110, 115, 117); box-sizing: border-box;">当然，这个地图的作用不局限于表达谁的通勤更受影响。也可以用来做未来与现状的出行对比。如果只是放一个大头针，通过阴影颜色可以显示在放大头针的位置的轨道交通与公交服务的相对可达性。比如Bed-Stuy是个公交友好的区域，公交服务的可达性很高。</span></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9TiaibMDuDdmVeDHjYoJ5tIDWBEviaxViajgVicEnhmSYtwhVv5DSjuzwgEwOiaWic7LCicyOUricto4cjWB27lQ/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: justify; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(31, 73, 116); box-sizing: border-box;">图八、L线火车线路关闭分析</span></em></strong></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="line-height: 1.8; letter-spacing: 1.5px; padding: 0px 7px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: justify; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(110, 115, 117); box-sizing: border-box;">但是如果你不喜欢公交而只接受地铁，情况就不是这样了。</span></p><p style="text-align: justify; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(110, 115, 117); box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9TiaibMDuDdmVeDHjYoJ5tIDWBEKI2icuyUcVWj9ExY9P0DfVmh5icvibL6bFTjhiaGOBSQwn8d3q93MDucHw/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: justify; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(31, 73, 116); box-sizing: border-box;">图九、L线火车线路关闭分析</span></em></strong></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="line-height: 1.8; letter-spacing: 1.5px; padding: 0px 7px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: justify; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(110, 115, 117); box-sizing: border-box;">此外，中断East  River隧道对整个城市公共交通服务会带来如何的影响，如果新增某种服务对整个公交服务又会带来何种提升，都可以通过这个地图来实现。L train停工后，上东区的人到布鲁克林和皇后区可能会很折腾，但新开通的第二大街地铁（可以在地图里设定为开或关）覆盖了城市的很大一块范围。</span></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9TiaibMDuDdmVeDHjYoJ5tIDWBENZ0BFdLpMPkf86jKjlaHdycAhz50LKflQPMP6hiaVfp8c8gQuPl3kiag/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: justify; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(31, 73, 116); box-sizing: border-box;">图十、L线火车线路关闭分析</span></em></strong></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="line-height: 1.8; letter-spacing: 1.5px; padding: 0px 7px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: justify; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(110, 115, 117); box-sizing: border-box;">这样的配置可以有很多种搭配。即便不考虑L train的停工和第二大街地铁的运营对通勤者的影响，光是泛泛的研究研究不同街区之间公交可达性也是可以实现的。例如你正在取舍长岛和皇后区杰克逊高地的公寓(Jackson Heights是纽约印度人、孟加拉国人和尼泊尔人相对集中居住的地方)，而事实上，通过地图可以很清楚看到，在前者定居提供了更好的城市可达性。</span></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9TiaibMDuDdmVeDHjYoJ5tIDWBE9Wy9BM09HVNHjiaw7RwtGYJH3pR1bibtHkSzibfzA7NDs2SJhsmonwqbA/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: justify; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(31, 73, 116); box-sizing: border-box;">图十一、L线火车线路关闭分析</span></em></strong></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="line-height: 1.8; letter-spacing: 1.5px; padding: 0px 7px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: justify; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(110, 115, 117); box-sizing: border-box;">致力于提升公交服务多样性的倡导者可能会喜欢这一款小工具（目前仅适用于纽约，如果Sidewalk Labs扩展其数据处理到其他区域，那这一服务很可能会扩展到其他城市）。回到其对L train停运的预判上来，随之而来的冲击将会波及当地经济。Transportation Alternatives已开始号召限制小汽车进入第14街区，并重新配置拥有公交车道、独立的自行车道及更宽人行道的交通通道。其他团体则建议接驳巴士、BRT线路、摆渡、拼车等服务，甚至建议开通联系布鲁克林威廉斯堡和下东区的贡多拉。这样的提议是不是很让人抓狂。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); text-align: center; margin: 10px 0% 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 90%; vertical-align: top; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(255, 239, 183); border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 10px 0% 0px; line-height: 0.8;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 0px; display: inline-block; border-bottom: 0.8em solid rgb(255, 223, 111); border-left: 0.7em solid transparent !important; border-right: 0.7em solid transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 10px 0%; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 45%; padding: 0px 5px 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9TiaibMDuDdmVeDHjYoJ5tIDWBEgNQwDzAGOGZqfRYZaJIoba3R3FPuCQYNtW4TyJsCmCtaowLvpqntOw/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 45%; padding: 0px 0px 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9TiaibMDuDdmVeDHjYoJ5tIDWBEUGriaPssZ5rnexXHzzSVhIRhPcun9jdNzSX1vkjEm3u2osNnonViafpA/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); text-align: center; margin: 0px 0%;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 90%; vertical-align: top; border-top: 1px none rgb(255, 239, 183); border-top-left-radius: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0px 0% 8px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="background-color: rgb(255, 239, 183); height: 1px; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 10px 0%;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; vertical-align: top; padding: 0px 10px 10px; border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; border-radius: 0px; border-color: rgba(198, 105, 236, 0.86); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0px 0% 8px; text-align: center; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; border-top: 0.8em solid rgba(0, 45, 72, 0.65); border-right: 0.4em solid rgba(0, 45, 72, 0.65); border-left: 0.4em solid transparent !important; border-bottom: 0.8em solid transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; height: 1.6em; padding: 0px 5px; line-height: 1.6em; background-color: rgba(0, 45, 72, 0.65); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">参考文献</p></section><section style="width: 0px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; border-top: 0.8em solid rgba(0, 45, 72, 0.65); border-left: 0.4em solid rgba(0, 45, 72, 0.65); border-right: 0.4em solid transparent !important; border-bottom: 0.8em solid transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; line-height: 1.8; color: rgba(0, 45, 72, 0.56); letter-spacing: 1px; padding: 0px 7px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></p><p style="text-align: left; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">我们为本文提供的免费下载资料有：</strong></span></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">1、《半英里生活圈：是否是最好代表公交车站集散覆盖区？》</strong><span style="letter-spacing: 1.5px; box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9TiaibMDuDdmVeDHjYoJ5tIDWBEaxBlSzCwKeFstBjk6oecTjR4GvCITa09xvErEgZGmSicU3ibE61DpF5A/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9TiaibMDuDdmVeDHjYoJ5tIDWBEVKEHBCZBr91zicooqPnsyHq6b3yhpBMC65hwia6L4MUX2b8cm0ibAV1qQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 15px 0%; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); 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"><section class="" style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9TiaibMDuDdmVeDHjYoJ5tIDWBEm4jzO0vwUBtUy0ibNyicHnAkJEeDiaA4XdYrYatYPShbuvib0uEiaibrp3cA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">「 欢迎投稿 」</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">我们作为专业志愿者团体，秉承理想，帮助中国可持续发展。并为之贡献：理念与传播、培训与教育、实践与孵化。欢迎您加入我们一起并肩前行！</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="text-align: center; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">2014-2017 ? 转载请注明：<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  />源自公众号“”</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; 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