国匠城工作台

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<section style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue';">编者按<span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: normal;">：2016</span>年以来<span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: normal;">，</span>随着国家领导人关于特色小镇建设的批复<span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: normal;">，</span>小城镇建设热潮启动<span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: normal;">，</span>但是各地一直困惑与<span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: normal;">“</span>如何进行小城镇的风貌建设<span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: normal;">”</span>。学委会近期特邀同济大学匡晓明老师结合他长期规划设计实践经验<span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: normal;">，</span>来畅谈小城镇风貌的整体性框架构建。</p><p><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/gKGAjSvjgDgUGWUHwmFXv5PwVY0zkGjPXuWs8jmmtyn5ckH8QZIVFfkSVibj0h8U8X5vkSM86Oibz3Dj2ACQAVhg/0?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: -40px 0% 10px; text-align: center; font-size: 80%;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; margin-top: -10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0px; border-right: 8px solid rgb(185, 167, 121); border-bottom: 8px solid rgb(185, 167, 121); border-top: 8px solid transparent !important; border-left: 8px solid transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 0px; margin-top: -12px; margin-left: 4px; border-right: 5px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom: 6px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top: 6px solid transparent !important; border-left: 5px solid transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="" style="border-top: 2px solid rgb(185, 167, 121); border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(185, 167, 121); margin-top: -2px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); padding-right: 5px; padding-left: 5px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">点击上方蓝字关注</p></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" font-size: 360%; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; margin: auto; width: 3em; height: 3em; border-radius: 100%; background-position: center center; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: cover; background-image: url("http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/gKGAjSvjgDgUGWUHwmFXv5PwVY0zkGjPW2EyvhuHHvSJ8qWOjyuLuzQSHicTicga92d4nahDMYXo4JztXnHXdrag/0?wx_fmt=jpeg");"><section class="" style="width: 100%; height: 100%; overflow: hidden; box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/gKGAjSvjgDgUGWUHwmFXv5PwVY0zkGjPW2EyvhuHHvSJ8qWOjyuLuzQSHicTicga92d4nahDMYXo4JztXnHXdrag/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; font-size: 87.5%; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">匡晓明</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px; text-align: center;  background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"></span></p><p style="font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue';">上海同济城市规划设计研究院</p><p style="font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue';">城市设计研究院常务副院长</p><p style="font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue';">城市空间与生态规划研究中心主任</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 2.5em; margin-bottom: -1.4em; margin-left: auto; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0.62em; height: 0.62em; margin-left: auto; border-right: 1px solid rgb(158, 158, 158); border-top: 1px solid rgb(158, 158, 158); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 2.5em; height: 1.4em; margin-top: -0.31em; margin-left: -0.31em; border-right: 1px solid rgb(158, 158, 158); border-top: 1px solid rgb(158, 158, 158); box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="" style="padding-right: 0.31em; padding-left: 0.31em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 100%; padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; font-size: 87.5%; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">城镇风貌是表达城镇意象、彰显地域特色的重要途径，集中反映了城镇的性格特质和文化气质。风貌一词包括“风”和“貌”两个构成要素，“貌”是“风”的载体，包含自然环境要素和人工环境要素。自然环境要素和人工环境要素应是有机联系，相互作用的整体性存在，即城镇建设区域与周边乡野环境应是有机融合的整体，城乡和谐统一。反观当下部分城镇建设存在城乡关系割裂、城镇边界生硬、与自然肌理冲突等建设现状。因此，需要建立小城镇风貌规划与建设的整体性思维。</p></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="margin-top: -1.4em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2.5em; height: 1.4em; margin-left: 0.31em; margin-bottom: -0.31em; border-left: 1px solid rgb(158, 158, 158); border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(158, 158, 158); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 0.62em; height: 0.62em; border-left: 1px solid rgb(158, 158, 158); border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(158, 158, 158); box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/gKGAjSvjgDgUGWUHwmFXv5PwVY0zkGjPBK9S8H2aJytw0AoSmH6hzMhyjiadgnCvx2uHf4hj7R1EOAljEo1NM9A/0?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 10px 0%;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(77, 114, 176); border-top: 0px none rgb(62, 62, 62); border-top-left-radius: 20px; border-right: 0px none rgb(62, 62, 62); border-top-right-radius: 0px; padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 10px; border-bottom: 0px none rgb(62, 62, 62); border-bottom-right-radius: 20px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 3px 0%; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; border-radius: 100%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 87.5%; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">天人合一的传统智慧：城镇与自然的有机融合</p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 87.5%; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">观今宜鉴古，无古不成今。传统城镇聚落所呈现出与自然交融的城镇风貌体现了古代先贤的传统智慧。 “考察山川地理形势，择其形胜之处，因势随形而营邑立城，割宅筑室”的古代哲学，正是注重物质相互关联的整体性思维。</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/gKGAjSvjgDgUGWUHwmFXv5PwVY0zkGjPgJ8MMr9QdHhZSlhatmaHPfSqkiaTk0aKezf3RicTFFMsapBq5ibfhDqXg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">图1  江西省婺源县传统城镇聚落风貌</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 87.5%; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">古代先贤主张将人与自然看做一个不可分割的整体，城镇聚落对于自然环境是一种“无为”的存在方式，不是通过改变自然的方式创造出来，更多的是在自然中寻求一个环境，适当改造出来。公元前514年，吴国大臣伍子胥受吴王之命修筑都城，在今苏州一带“相土尝水，象天法地，相其地，欲筑城于斯”,相城因此而得名。城镇聚落应是人和自然相结合的产物，才能达到“天人合一”的 状态。</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/gKGAjSvjgDgUGWUHwmFXv5PwVY0zkGjPqYRCh6M1nNZpnJVU1CkmL3ebAkGZnUnFbQkQgPshTpr7n8CLshZF2g/0?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 10px 0%;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(77, 114, 176); border-top: 0px none rgb(62, 62, 62); border-top-left-radius: 20px; border-right: 0px none rgb(62, 62, 62); border-top-right-radius: 0px; padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 10px; border-bottom: 0px none rgb(62, 62, 62); border-bottom-right-radius: 20px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 3px 0%; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; border-radius: 100%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 87.5%; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">城镇风貌的整体把控：小城镇有机生命聚落</p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 87.5%; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">习总书记有过这样的表述： “山水林田湖是一个生命共同体，人的命脉在田，田的命脉在水，水的命脉在山，山的命脉在土，土的命脉在树。”这正是将系统中的各组成部分当成具有内在有机联系的整体存在的思维。同理，山、水、田、城镇、人五大要素间融合共生，五位一体，构成小城镇有机生命聚落。</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/gKGAjSvjgDgUGWUHwmFXv5PwVY0zkGjPSLJxxrhAM0ztGgY9H6PibyNKqgricfGMxBxcBaW5qr3ic4KwsnmyNblyg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">图2 五位一体的小城镇有机生命聚落</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 87.5%; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">小城镇与大城市最大的不同就在于，城镇与周边自然环境是有机联系、相互作用变化的整体性存在。</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/gKGAjSvjgDgUGWUHwmFXv5PwVY0zkGjPqYRCh6M1nNZpnJVU1CkmL3ebAkGZnUnFbQkQgPshTpr7n8CLshZF2g/0?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 10px 0%;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(77, 114, 176); border-top: 0px none rgb(62, 62, 62); border-top-left-radius: 20px; border-right: 0px none rgb(62, 62, 62); border-top-right-radius: 0px; padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 10px; border-bottom: 0px none rgb(62, 62, 62); border-bottom-right-radius: 20px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 3px 0%; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; border-radius: 100%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 87.5%; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">小城镇风貌的开放思维：消除边界，有机共生</p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 87.5%; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">反观当下部分城镇建设过程中，由于整体性思维的缺乏导致了城镇空间边界生硬，与周边乡野环境之间关系割裂，缺乏互动和对话。城镇建设对周边自然空间肌理不够尊重。</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/gKGAjSvjgDgUGWUHwmFXv5PwVY0zkGjP7SrJIeScwuS1aKv3iaoE5YiaqZuRoYoBmLNxSyTzT2ZLceuaGze0XRpg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">图3  孤立的整体——自成一体，城乡割裂的建设现状</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: 1;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="width: 0px; display: inline-block; opacity: 0.6; border-left: 0.6em solid rgb(30, 111, 190); border-top: 0.5em solid transparent !important; border-bottom: 0.5em solid transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span style="width: 0px; display: inline-block; border-left: 0.6em solid rgb(30, 111, 190); border-top: 0.5em solid transparent !important; border-bottom: 0.5em solid transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"> </span> </section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.2; padding-left: 3px; font-size: 87.5%; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">1.构建城镇景观风貌体系</strong></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 87.5%; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">基于整体性思维，在深入剖析城镇聚落与周边自然环境之间关系的基础上，采用层次分析的方法构建城镇景观风貌体系。小城镇外部景观风貌体系按空间分布和特征可以分为三个层次，即紧密外部环境、相邻外部环境、关联外部环境。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">紧密外部环境紧邻城镇集中建设区外围，与城镇居民生活紧密相关。相邻外部环境位于紧密区域外围为城镇居民景观视觉敏感区域。关联外部环境为镇域内具有独特价值的自然要素或人文要素，可包含山体、林地、大型水体、风景河道、古村落、宗教设施、历史建筑、历史遗址等。</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/gKGAjSvjgDgUGWUHwmFXv5PwVY0zkGjPkiaLa6ML7kzZXAicDbUHl1QicT6YeQhB9wYPS09LO4iaCIhxQkaTeykbeA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">图4 城镇景观风貌体系</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: 1;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="width: 0px; display: inline-block; opacity: 0.6; border-left: 0.6em solid rgb(30, 111, 190); border-top: 0.5em solid transparent !important; border-bottom: 0.5em solid transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span style="width: 0px; display: inline-block; border-left: 0.6em solid rgb(30, 111, 190); border-top: 0.5em solid transparent !important; border-bottom: 0.5em solid transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"> </span> </section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.2; padding-left: 3px; font-size: 87.5%; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">2.塑造城镇景观风貌特质</strong></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 87.5%; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">三个层次的空间特质会有一定的差别。紧密外部环境的空间特质以第二自然（农业景观）为主，相邻外部环境是第一自然和第二自然的有机融合，关联外部环境以第一自然为主。</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/gKGAjSvjgDgUGWUHwmFXv5PwVY0zkGjP1kicEOmyhs3y8wJlkv0FEpxt3fYwDVGcGT3DtD2xNticN9u4icbaAVDiaw/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">图5 城镇景观风貌特质</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 87.5%; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">外部景观体系的三个层次与城镇空间的关系也各有侧重，紧密外部环境是城镇与外部环境在空间上的交汇融合，其界面是丰富的、有机的，凹凸有致的空间中将承载许多趣味性的活动和风貌。</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/gKGAjSvjgDgUGWUHwmFXv5PwVY0zkGjP0zPNvOTAPJPvCmwpaRF5tyu9dTcerWKfwZ2hibYPmcr2SQ3eFhhwCfg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">图6 自然与城镇的有机交融</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 87.5%; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">相邻外部空间应强调城镇与周边自然环境在风貌上的融合。关联外部环境则强调城镇集建区与关联外部环境中具有独特价值的自然人文资源间在交通上的有效链接。</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/gKGAjSvjgDgUGWUHwmFXv5PwVY0zkGjPqYRCh6M1nNZpnJVU1CkmL3ebAkGZnUnFbQkQgPshTpr7n8CLshZF2g/0?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 10px 0%;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(77, 114, 176); border-top: 0px none rgb(62, 62, 62); border-top-left-radius: 20px; border-right: 0px none rgb(62, 62, 62); border-top-right-radius: 0px; padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 10px; border-bottom: 0px none rgb(62, 62, 62); border-bottom-right-radius: 20px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 3px 0%; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; border-radius: 100%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 87.5%; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">小城镇风貌的系统性：构建框架、划定分区</p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: 1;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="width: 0px; display: inline-block; opacity: 0.6; border-left: 0.6em solid rgb(30, 111, 190); border-top: 0.5em solid transparent !important; border-bottom: 0.5em solid transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span style="width: 0px; display: inline-block; border-left: 0.6em solid rgb(30, 111, 190); border-top: 0.5em solid transparent !important; border-bottom: 0.5em solid transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"> </span> </section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.2; padding-left: 3px; font-size: 87.5%; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">1.构建顺应山水、尺度宜人的空间框架</strong></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 87.5%; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">深入剖析自然要素对城镇空间格局的影响，结合山体、水体及其他自然要素的空间特征进行城镇布局。例如：滨水小城镇建设形态应与岸线走向协调一致，建筑布局宜顺应水系，尽可能多的展示滨水城镇界面；山地丘陵小城镇宜在坡度适宜、坡向采光良好的山区，沿山体等高线蔓延、紧凑发展，建筑随地形条件而富于变化，形成人工环境与自然山体分层错落、交相掩映的景观；城镇建设形成团块状或带状的布局模式，充分利用城镇内部的林地、池塘、河流等自然资源，建设成为公共开敞活动空间，宜采取紧凑式布局，以集约节约土地。</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/gKGAjSvjgDgUGWUHwmFXv5PwVY0zkGjP9tabDscuAbiak2kOzicgXRicIzEzUQd7gcMkp55xlwRTW8AzHTna8XTqw/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">图7 自然要素与城镇空间格局</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 87.5%; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">结合小城镇居民以步行和电动车为主的出行特征，以便捷通达为目的，适当降低道路间距，提升路网密度，优化道路断面设计，塑造尺度宜人的街巷空间。</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: 1;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="width: 0px; display: inline-block; opacity: 0.6; border-left: 0.6em solid rgb(30, 111, 190); border-top: 0.5em solid transparent !important; border-bottom: 0.5em solid transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span style="width: 0px; display: inline-block; border-left: 0.6em solid rgb(30, 111, 190); border-top: 0.5em solid transparent !important; border-bottom: 0.5em solid transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"> </span> </section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.2; padding-left: 3px; font-size: 87.5%; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">2.确立新老衔接、整体协调的风貌分区</strong></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 87.5%; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">城镇建筑风貌是地域文化及记忆的主要表现载体。在小城镇风貌评估基础上，对城镇风貌分区进行划定。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">在传统风貌区，应注重整体格局延续须历史文脉，力促结构稳定性。严格进行保护控制。建设以保护性修复建设为主，新建建筑尽量采用传统材料，传统建筑形式，展现原汁原味的传统风貌。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">在风貌协调区，应尽量延续地方传统建筑特色风貌，寻求整体建筑色彩、建筑高度的和谐统一。在不影响整体风貌统一的基础上，也可在建筑形式上兼有传统风貌区与新城风貌区的特征，寻求新老区域的风格协调。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">在城镇新建区，应注重在城镇新建区在路网结构、空间网络上与旧城镇的衔接、在城市街区尺度上与旧城镇的协调。</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/gKGAjSvjgDgUGWUHwmFXv5PwVY0zkGjP02uyHpYPUkf7jM627zibx7TyF6E6AVCgP9jWBzPfohlibS1GBibickwDXg/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">图8 城镇风貌分区</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 87.5%; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">象天法地、天人合一，尊重事物本性，顺应客观规律的自然之道应该是人类所遵循的最高法则。小城镇建设要把握整体性，体现尊重自然、顺应自然、天人合一的理念，让城镇融入大自然，并将独特的地域文化得以彰显，才能真正让居民望得见山、看得见水、记得住乡愁。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">（编辑：陆嘉）</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/gKGAjSvjgDgUGWUHwmFXv5PwVY0zkGjPtDDKrRE339FnJSI4O6ecR3s9pmMGNJ4jHnlLrqMcnxkbdjoLHh2mQw/0?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="float: right; width: 50%; padding-left: 5px; box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   transform: rotateZ(4deg); -webkit-transform: rotateZ(4deg); -moz-transform: rotateZ(4deg); -o-transform: rotateZ(4deg); box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin: 15px 0% 10px; transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(-2px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/gKGAjSvjgDgUGWUHwmFXv5PwVY0zkGjPZk9vJqPvPgVNxSwDvnEXnyeErvUyqTnzQBJ6qEZx9EWNj07cYzFtNg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   transform: rotateZ(356.96deg); 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